When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation

The present meta-analytic study introduces an overall model of the relationships between job embeddedness and turnover outcomes. Drawing on 65 independent samples (N = 42,907), we found that on-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness negatively related to turnover intentions and actual turnover, after controlling for job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job alternatives. In addition, the negative relationships between on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) and turnover criteria were stronger in female-dominated samples and public organizations (collectivistic countries). Finally, turnover intentions, job search behavior, and job performance fully (partially) mediated the effect of on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) on actual turnover. The research and practical implications of our findings are noted, in light of study limitations and future research needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).     

Neural control of fundamental frequency rise and fall in Mandarin tones

The neural mechanisms used in tone rises and falls in Mandarin were investigated. Nine participants were scanned while they named one-character pictures that required rising or falling tone responses in Mandarin: the left insula and right putamen showed stronger activation between rising and falling tones; the left brainstem showed weaker activation between rising and falling tones. Connectivity analysis showed that the significant projection from the laryngeal motor cortex to the brainstem which was present in rising tones was absent in falling tones. Additionally, there was a significant difference between the connection from the insula to the laryngeal motor cortex which was negative in rising tones but positive in falling tones. These results suggest that the significant projection from the laryngeal motor cortex to the brainstem used in rising tones was not active in falling tones. The connection from the left insula to the laryngeal motor cortex that differs between rising and falling tones may control whether the rise mechanism is active or not.     

组织氛围对员工行为有效性的影响机制

该研究采用问卷调查法和专家评估法探讨员工行为有效性的影响机制.结果表明:(1)组织氛围对员工行为有效性有积极的影响.(2)员工的自我效能感在组织氛围与绩效间起完全中介作用,在组织氛围与组织承诺间起部分中介作用,在组织氛围与满意度之间没有中介效应.(3)员工的自我效能感、满意度和组织承诺在组织氛围与员工绩效间起完全中介作用.(4)组织氛围对员工绩效的影响存在双重中介效应.结论:组织氛围对员工绩效的影响机制非常复杂,不仅可以直接影响,而且还可以通过影响员工的自我效能感、满意度和组织承诺等多种中介效应来影响.     

运动员情绪调节心率变异性的特点

该研究采用实验法,以183名大学生运动员为被试,以心率变异性为指标,在情绪诱发和认知任务的两种情况下,系统考察了不同情绪状态、不同情绪调节策略下运动员自主神经反应的特点,结果表明:情绪诱发情况下,运动员心率变异性分别受情绪状态和情绪调节策略影响.正性情绪的情绪稳定性小于负性情绪,认知重评策略更为有效;认知任务情况下,运动员心率变异性受情绪状态和情绪调节策略的共同影响.负性情绪条件下表达抑制策略的效果减弱,正性情绪条件下认知重评策略更为有效.     

Is subordinate's loyalty a precondition of supervisor's benevolent leadership? The moderating effects of supervisor's altruistic personality and perceived organizational support

Based on Cheng's differential leadership theory, we investigated the relationship between a subordinate's loyalty to a supervisor (SLS) and the supervisor's benevolent leadership in Chinese organizations. We also explored two moderators of this relationship, the supervisor's altruistic personality and perceived organizational support (POS). Using survey research, we collected data from supervisor‐subordinate dyads in Taiwan and made 167 valid observations. The results showed that SLS positively relates to the supervisor's benevolent behaviours; however, this relationship is diminished by the supervisor's altruistic personality and POS. That is, when the supervisor has a high level of altruistic personality or POS, the association of SLS with the supervisor's benevolent leadership is weaker.     

发明创造问题解决中的原型位置效应

以科学发明创造问题为实验材料,采用“学习-测试”两阶段实验范式,对发明创造问题解决中的原型位置效应进行探讨,结果发现：（1）原型位置主效应显著,后呈现原型成绩显著优于先呈现原型;（2）原型位置效应受创造性倾向影响,随创造性倾向的提高而显著降低;（3）原型位置效应不受启发量影响,但不同创造性个体受高低启发量影响;（4）发明创造问题解决得分与创造性倾向总分相关显著,二者在原型位置效应上表现相同的效应。     

仪式崇拜与文化传播--古代书院祭祀的社会空间

现有的书院研究注重于其教学、藏书功能方面,而对于祭祀活动及其社会意义,缺乏必要的关照。书院并非单纯的教学组织,应该是具有多重功能的社会组织。书院祭祀仪式中的符号崇拜和符号消费,展现了书院在传播社会文化方面的重要作用。书院祭祀所体现的文化载体功能,表明了它作为社会组织在文化传播活动中的独特地位。     

"歷数"和"尚贤"与禅让说的兴起

尧舜禅让,古代以为信史。20世纪20年代,有学者提出异议,以为它只是一个传说,这传说是禅让思想的一部分,出自墨家的创造。揆诸史籍,可知,墨家的确传诵过尧举舜而立为天子的故事,对禅让说的传播有推波助澜的作用,但那只是出于宣传尚贤尚同主义的需要,为选官治官而设,并非严格意义上的禅让说。而在儒家,孔子早就盛赞尧舜;尧舜禅让以及与之直接相关的歷数观念在今本《论语》中又有明确反映,这个观念在从周公到孔子的儒家渊源中有着丰富的资源;儒家数观的实质是天命有德,儒家的天命有德思想可为禅让说提供直接的理论基础和前提,儒家的尊贤、墨家的尚贤,后世与“禅让”直接相关的新五德终始说,都可纳入其中。春秋战国时期禅让说的兴起,儒家有直接的关系。     

训诂、解释与文化传承

从中国文化发展的历史看,“训诂”被看做后人继承前人文化的一个重要途径。由于历代统治者出于自身需要而提供大力支持,“训诂学”在中国文化史上成为一门重要的学科之一,尽管近代以后由于新文化运动的兴起而日渐衰落。在西方思想史上,解释学也是一门具有悠久传统的学科,早在中世纪就有了关于圣经典籍的解释学,到了近代有施莱尔马赫和狄尔泰的解释学,到了现代又有伽达默尔的哲学解释学。我们今天把训诂学与解释学放到一起讨论,很大程度上是因为哲学解释学的深刻影响,促使我们对自己文化解释的反思。我们首先必须清楚地认识到,训诂与解释有着…