青少年决策中的风险选择框架效应

以181名青少年(初二、高二、大二)为被试,探究其在不同决策领域(生命、娱乐、学业)的风险选择框架效应及其在年级、风险偏好水平上的特点.结果表明:(1)框架效应程度与决策领域有关,被试在生命和娱乐领域的决策问题上倾向于风险寻求.(2)不同年级被试的决策结果受问题框架的影响,大学生在生命问题上倾向于风险寻求,初中生在娱乐问题上倾向于风险寻求,高中生在学业领域上倾向于风险规避.(3)不同风险偏好水平被试的决策结果受问题框架的影响,风险偏好水平高的被试在生命、娱乐问题上倾向于风险寻求,风险偏好水平低的被试在学业问题上倾向于风险规避.     

Cognitive vulnerability to depressive symptoms in adolescents in urban and rural Hunan, China: a multiwave longitudinal study

The current multiwave longitudinal study examined the applicability of two cognitive vulnerability-stress models of depression-Beck's (1967, 1983) cognitive theory and the hopelessness theory (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989)-in two independent samples of adolescents from Hunan Province, China (one rural and one urban). During an initial assessment, participants completed measures assessing dysfunctional attitudes (Beck, 1967, 1983), negative cognitive style (Abramson et al., 1989), neuroticism (Costa & McCrae, 1992), depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Once a month for the subsequent 6 months, participants completed measures assessing the occurrence of different types of negative events, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Results provided support for cognitive vulnerability factors as predictors of increases in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of higher than average levels of negative events in Chinese adolescents. The results also supported the specificity of these two cognitive vulnerability factors as predictors of depressive versus anxiety symptoms following the occurrence of higher than average levels of negative events (i.e., symptom specificity), and the ability of cognitive vulnerability factors to predict prospective change in depressive symptoms above and beyond the effects of trait neuroticism (i.e., etiological specificity).     

From autonomy to creativity: a multilevel investigation of the mediating role of harmonious passion

Building on self-determination theory, we theorized about and demonstrated, through 2 multilevel field studies, the pivotal role of harmonious passion in translating organizational autonomy support and individual autonomy orientation into job creativity. Results based on 3-level data from 856 members in 111 teams within 23 work units of a porous metal company (Study 1) and from 525 employees in 98 teams of 18 branches of a large commercial bank (Study 2) revealed 2 major findings. First, organizational autonomy support from a higher organizational level (unit or branch) compensated for the effect of autonomy support from a lower organizational level (team) or individual autonomy orientation on employees' harmonious passion. Second, harmonious passion mediated the interactive effects of unit (branch) autonomy support and team member autonomy orientation, of team autonomy support and team member autonomy orientation, and of unit (branch) autonomy support and team autonomy support on individual creativity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in the organizational context.     

阿富汗宗教公民社会的角色和功能

本文以公民社会理论为视角,结合阿富汗的本土情况,考察了在阿富汗战后重建进程中本土公民社会组织诸角色的状况。重点分析了乌玛、毛拉、清真寺在阿富汗社会发展中的角色及其资金来源。并指出其具有社会凝聚、公众交流、调解、中介以及社会资源再分配等功能。最后,具体分析了阿富汗宗教公民社会诸角色与政府及其他国际组织之间的关系。     

宗教心理学视阈下的詹姆斯“中介项”评述

宗教经验是宗教意识的主要内容之一,而宗教意识则是宗教心理学着重研究的对象。本文梳理了詹姆斯机能心理学派借助潜意识"中介项"理论,阐释宗教经验的历程,他认为潜意识这个人神相通的"中介项"是宗教神学的"亲密的伙伴",是宗教与科学对话的有效途径。     

Multidimensional CAT Item Selection Methods for Domain Scores and Composite Scores: Theory and Applications

Multidimensional computer adaptive testing (MCAT) can provide higher precision and reliability or reduce test length when compared with unidimensional CAT or with the paper-and-pencil test. This study compared five item selection procedures in the MCAT framework for both domain scores and overall scores through simulation by varying the structure of item pools, the population distribution of the simulees, the number of items selected, and the content area. The existing procedures such as Volume (Segall in Psychometrika, 61:331?C354, 1996), Kullback?CLeibler information (Veldkamp & van?der Linden in Psychometrika 67:575?C588, 2002), Minimize the error variance of the linear combination (van?der Linden in J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 24:398?C412, 1999), and Minimum Angle (Reckase in Multidimensional item response theory, Springer, New York, 2009) are compared to a new procedure, Minimize the error variance of the composite score with the optimized weight, proposed for the first time in this study. The intent is to find an item selection procedure that yields higher precisions for both the domain and composite abilities and a higher percentage of selected items from the item pool. The comparison is performed by examining the absolute bias, correlation, test reliability, time used, and item usage. Three sets of item pools are used with the item parameters estimated from real live CAT data. Results show that Volume and Minimum Angle performed similarly, balancing information for all content areas, while the other three procedures performed similarly, with a high precision for both domain and overall scores when selecting items with the required number of items for each domain. The new item selection procedure has the highest percentage of item usage. Moreover, for the overall score, it produces similar or even better results compared to those from the method that selects items favoring the general dimension using the general model (Segall in Psychometrika 66:79?C97, 2001); the general dimension method has low precision for the domain scores. In addition to the simulation study, the mathematical theories for certain procedures are derived. The theories are confirmed by the simulation applications.     

Chinese Christians in America: Attachment to God,Stress, and Well‐Being

This study examined whether attachment to God moderated the relation between perceived stress and well‐being (i.e., life satisfaction and positive affect) among 183 Chinese Christian international students and immigrants. Results showed significant main effects of (a) perceived stress on life satisfaction and (b) secure attachment to God and avoidant attachment to God on life satisfaction and positive affect. There was a significant interaction of perceived stress and avoidant attachment to God on life satisfaction. Specifically, high avoidant attachment to God exacerbated the association between perceived stress and life satisfaction, whereas low avoidant attachment to God buffered the association between perceived stress and life satisfaction.     

图的典范装饰与方程组的典范解

在集合论ZFC-＋AFA中,每个图有唯一装饰,每个方程组有唯一解。但是,在集合论ZFC-4-SAFA和ZFC-4-FAFA中,每个图并非只有一个装饰,每个方程组并非只有一个解。笔者通过定义互模拟坍塌概念,在可达点图的典范装饰概念的基础上导出方程组的典范解,提出并证明：在上述三种具体的非良基集合论中,每个可达点图都有唯一的典范装饰,每个方程组有唯一的典范解。     

Is expressive suppression an effective coping strategy? A study of Chinese rescue medical staff following an earthquake

The current study examined the function of expressive suppression among Chinese rescue medical staff following a major earthquake. We administered self‐report questionnaires to (1) a sample of Chinese hospital medical staff (n = 305) who assisted victims of the Sichuan earthquake, and (2) a second sample of Chinese hospital medical staff (n = 149) who had not been exposed to a major stressor. To examine possible interaction effects among differing emotion regulation strategies, we also conducted structured interviews with a subset of rescue medical staff to obtain support for a positive function of expressive suppression and a mediating role of positive reappraisal. Structural equation modelling indicated that expressive suppression was associated with higher levels of job engagement and lower levels of job burnout among the rescue medical staff and that these effects were mediated by positive reappraisal. However, for regular medical staff (not exposed to traumatic stress), expressive suppression was associated with higher levels of both job engagement and job burnout; these effects were mediated by acceptance. These results provide preliminary evidence for the positive role of expressive suppression within Chinese culture.     

Effect of V addition on the structure of ZrCr2 Laves phase: a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study

The structures of the binary ZrCr₂ and ZrCr₂ Laves phase with addition of V have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that annealed ZrCr₂ is the cubic C15 phase with micro-twins. In contrast, annealed Zr(CrV)₂ has a lamellar microstructure with a character of long-period stacking sequences. Further studies by HRTEM indicate that annealed Zr(CrV)₂ is the di-hexagonal C36 with a coalescence of 5-, 6- and 8-layer long-period stacking structures. The effect of V addition on the structural stability of ZrCr₂ is discussed.