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191.
本研究考察新冠肺炎疫情复工阶段,不同阶层社会情绪和压力因素随时间的变化规律。基于三次问卷调查(NT1 = 1073; NT1 = 983; NT3 =1078)发现:(1)民众社会情绪均表现为积极情绪高于消极情绪,而且随时间推进社会情绪持续向好;(2)低阶层者的社会情绪始终比高阶层者更消极;(3)民众感知的安全压力随时间下降,而经济压力随时间没有显著变化;(4)低阶层者感知到更大的经济压力,高阶层者感知到更大的安全压力;(5)安全压力在社会阶层与积极情绪和消极情绪之间起显著的中介作用,经济压力在社会阶层与消极情绪之间起显著的中介作用。研究揭示了不同社会阶层在复工阶段存在社会情绪和压力来源的差异,为有针对性进行积极社会心态治理提供启示。  相似文献   
192.
失业是指在一个人愿意并有能力为获取报酬而工作,但尚未找到工作的状况。失业问题一直困扰着世界各国的经济和社会发展。本文系统梳理了心理学视角下的失业和再就业研究,描述了失业对个体的消极影响及其机制,分析了个体因素、工作信息来源、求职过程及歧视等对成功再就业的影响,整理了加速再就业的措施。未来的研究应进一步深化求职质量的研究、关注心理学视角下特殊群体的失业和再就业研究、并进一步加强本土化的研究。  相似文献   
193.
在Weber和Camerer实验范式的基础上,基于真实并购预览概念提出了组织文化并购预览,通过实验室模拟研究探索了组织文化预览对并购后绩效的影响。结果表明:(1)组织文化预览对提高并购后组织绩效有积极作用,其中双向组织文化预览对改善并购后的整体绩效以及主、并双方各自的绩效都有显著的积极作用,而单向组织文化预览未显示出显著的积极影响;(2)组织文化预览可能主要起效于并购后初期,在并购后短期内对整合组织文化有积极促进作用,利于并购后的快速整合。实验结果为组织文化预览在企业并购整合中的应用提供了理论依据和实证支持。  相似文献   
194.
False belief understanding (FBU) enables people to consider conflicting beliefs about the same situation. While language has been demonstrated to be a correlate of FBU, there is still controversy about the extent to which a specific aspect of language, complementation syntax, is a necessary condition for FBU. The present study tested an important notion from the debate proposing that complementation syntax task is redundant to FBU measures. Specifically, we examined electrophysiological correlates of false belief, false complementation, and their respective true conditions in adults using electroencephalography (EEG), focusing on indices of oscillatory brain activity and large-scale connectivity. The results showed strong modulation of parieto-occipital alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–20 Hz) power by the experimental manipulations, with heightened sustained alpha power reflective of effortful internal processing observed in the false compared to the true conditions and reliable beta power reductions sensitive to mentalizing and/or syntactic demands in the belief versus the complementation conditions. In addition, higher coupling between parieto-occipital regions and widespread frontal sites in the beta band was found for the false-belief condition selectively. The result of divergence in beta oscillatory activity and in connectivity between false belief and false complementation does not support the redundancy hypothesis.  相似文献   
195.
The structures of the binary ZrCr2 and ZrCr2 Laves phase with addition of V have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that annealed ZrCr2 is the cubic C15 phase with micro-twins. In contrast, annealed Zr(CrV)2 has a lamellar microstructure with a character of long-period stacking sequences. Further studies by HRTEM indicate that annealed Zr(CrV)2 is the di-hexagonal C36 with a coalescence of 5-, 6- and 8-layer long-period stacking structures. The effect of V addition on the structural stability of ZrCr2 is discussed.  相似文献   
196.
197.
本文以公民社会理论为视角,结合阿富汗的本土情况,考察了在阿富汗战后重建进程中本土公民社会组织诸角色的状况。重点分析了乌玛、毛拉、清真寺在阿富汗社会发展中的角色及其资金来源。并指出其具有社会凝聚、公众交流、调解、中介以及社会资源再分配等功能。最后,具体分析了阿富汗宗教公民社会诸角色与政府及其他国际组织之间的关系。  相似文献   
198.
宗教经验是宗教意识的主要内容之一,而宗教意识则是宗教心理学着重研究的对象。本文梳理了詹姆斯机能心理学派借助潜意识"中介项"理论,阐释宗教经验的历程,他认为潜意识这个人神相通的"中介项"是宗教神学的"亲密的伙伴",是宗教与科学对话的有效途径。  相似文献   
199.
Building on self-determination theory, we theorized about and demonstrated, through 2 multilevel field studies, the pivotal role of harmonious passion in translating organizational autonomy support and individual autonomy orientation into job creativity. Results based on 3-level data from 856 members in 111 teams within 23 work units of a porous metal company (Study 1) and from 525 employees in 98 teams of 18 branches of a large commercial bank (Study 2) revealed 2 major findings. First, organizational autonomy support from a higher organizational level (unit or branch) compensated for the effect of autonomy support from a lower organizational level (team) or individual autonomy orientation on employees' harmonious passion. Second, harmonious passion mediated the interactive effects of unit (branch) autonomy support and team member autonomy orientation, of team autonomy support and team member autonomy orientation, and of unit (branch) autonomy support and team autonomy support on individual creativity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in the organizational context.  相似文献   
200.
The current multiwave longitudinal study examined the applicability of two cognitive vulnerability-stress models of depression-Beck's (1967, 1983) cognitive theory and the hopelessness theory (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989)-in two independent samples of adolescents from Hunan Province, China (one rural and one urban). During an initial assessment, participants completed measures assessing dysfunctional attitudes (Beck, 1967, 1983), negative cognitive style (Abramson et al., 1989), neuroticism (Costa & McCrae, 1992), depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Once a month for the subsequent 6 months, participants completed measures assessing the occurrence of different types of negative events, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Results provided support for cognitive vulnerability factors as predictors of increases in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of higher than average levels of negative events in Chinese adolescents. The results also supported the specificity of these two cognitive vulnerability factors as predictors of depressive versus anxiety symptoms following the occurrence of higher than average levels of negative events (i.e., symptom specificity), and the ability of cognitive vulnerability factors to predict prospective change in depressive symptoms above and beyond the effects of trait neuroticism (i.e., etiological specificity).  相似文献   
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