中小学数学教师数感内隐观的调查研究

该研究以131名中小学数学教师为被试,采用调查分析的方法,编制了数感结构选项表,考察了中小学数学教师的数感结构内隐观。结果显示：中小学数学教师的数感结构内隐观所涉及的范围广泛,经因素分析可以把它概括为6个因素。它们分别是：数学运算、数学认知因素、非书面计算能力、理解数与运算的意义、对数的认识与直觉、数符号表征能力。     

刍议现代宗教的类科学取向

在科学与宗教的关系上,时下学界的时髦说法是"借助于相关力量来平衡现代科学技术的发展,克服科学主义所造成的文化困境",认为"现代文明的一个突出特征就在于,随着现代科技文明‘这种     

基本情绪的神经基础：来自fMRI与机器视觉技术研究的证据

基本情绪理论(basic emotion theory)是情绪科学领域最具代表性的理论, 该理论认为人类情绪是由有限的几种基本情绪组成的, 如恐惧、愤怒、喜悦、悲伤等。基本情绪是为了完成基本生命任务(fundamental life task)进化而来的, 每一种基本情绪都有独特的神经结构和生理基础。尽管基本情绪理论被广泛接受, 但是对于基本情绪的种类却莫衷一是。近几十年来, 许多fMRI研究试图确定各种基本情绪的独特神经结构基础, 而且取得了许多重要发现, 比如厌恶和脑岛有关, 悲伤和前扣带回有关, 杏仁核是与恐惧有关的重要边缘结构等。但是, 最近有人进行了元分析研究, 发现许多基本情绪存在混淆的大脑区域, 因此对基本情绪的特定脑区理论提出质疑, 甚至否定基本情绪理论。通过对基本情绪及其神经基础的探讨, 以及对基本情绪理论的最新功能性磁共振成像研究进行梳理分析, 提出有关基本情绪理论的争论来源于基本情绪种类的确定, 因为许多所谓的不同基本情绪实际上是同一种基本情绪, 提出人类可能只有3种基本情绪。未来研究可以利用机器视觉技术进一步推动基本情绪脑影像研究。     

女性医务社会工作者情感劳动的质性研究

研究对10名女性医务社会工作者进行了深度访谈,运用扎根理论的方法分析访谈资料。研究发现：女性医务社会工作者在情感体验和整饰中呈现出医务情境下的情感传递和专业场域下的情感抑制之间的多元矛盾;存在着专业缝隙中的无权感、需求回应时的无助感和工作环境中的无力感表现出来的职业倦怠;情感能量来源于专业赋能和自我赋能,并能够对其进行正向转化,在工作中充分发挥女性特质中的优势和同伴支持进行情感调适。

     

Multidimensional CAT Item Selection Methods for Domain Scores and Composite Scores: Theory and Applications

Multidimensional computer adaptive testing (MCAT) can provide higher precision and reliability or reduce test length when compared with unidimensional CAT or with the paper-and-pencil test. This study compared five item selection procedures in the MCAT framework for both domain scores and overall scores through simulation by varying the structure of item pools, the population distribution of the simulees, the number of items selected, and the content area. The existing procedures such as Volume (Segall in Psychometrika, 61:331?C354, 1996), Kullback?CLeibler information (Veldkamp & van?der Linden in Psychometrika 67:575?C588, 2002), Minimize the error variance of the linear combination (van?der Linden in J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 24:398?C412, 1999), and Minimum Angle (Reckase in Multidimensional item response theory, Springer, New York, 2009) are compared to a new procedure, Minimize the error variance of the composite score with the optimized weight, proposed for the first time in this study. The intent is to find an item selection procedure that yields higher precisions for both the domain and composite abilities and a higher percentage of selected items from the item pool. The comparison is performed by examining the absolute bias, correlation, test reliability, time used, and item usage. Three sets of item pools are used with the item parameters estimated from real live CAT data. Results show that Volume and Minimum Angle performed similarly, balancing information for all content areas, while the other three procedures performed similarly, with a high precision for both domain and overall scores when selecting items with the required number of items for each domain. The new item selection procedure has the highest percentage of item usage. Moreover, for the overall score, it produces similar or even better results compared to those from the method that selects items favoring the general dimension using the general model (Segall in Psychometrika 66:79?C97, 2001); the general dimension method has low precision for the domain scores. In addition to the simulation study, the mathematical theories for certain procedures are derived. The theories are confirmed by the simulation applications.     

Chinese Christians in America: Attachment to God,Stress, and Well‐Being

This study examined whether attachment to God moderated the relation between perceived stress and well‐being (i.e., life satisfaction and positive affect) among 183 Chinese Christian international students and immigrants. Results showed significant main effects of (a) perceived stress on life satisfaction and (b) secure attachment to God and avoidant attachment to God on life satisfaction and positive affect. There was a significant interaction of perceived stress and avoidant attachment to God on life satisfaction. Specifically, high avoidant attachment to God exacerbated the association between perceived stress and life satisfaction, whereas low avoidant attachment to God buffered the association between perceived stress and life satisfaction.     

图的典范装饰与方程组的典范解

在集合论ZFC-＋AFA中,每个图有唯一装饰,每个方程组有唯一解。但是,在集合论ZFC-4-SAFA和ZFC-4-FAFA中,每个图并非只有一个装饰,每个方程组并非只有一个解。笔者通过定义互模拟坍塌概念,在可达点图的典范装饰概念的基础上导出方程组的典范解,提出并证明：在上述三种具体的非良基集合论中,每个可达点图都有唯一的典范装饰,每个方程组有唯一的典范解。     

An Idiographic Examination of Day-to-Day Patterns of Substance Use Craving,Negative Affect,and Tobacco Use Among Young Adults in Recovery

Psychological constructs, such as negative affect and substance use cravings that closely predict relapse, show substantial intraindividual day-to-day variability. This intraindividual variability of relevant psychological states combined with the “one day at a time” nature of sustained abstinence warrant a day-to-day investigation of substance use recovery. This study examines day-to-day associations among substance use cravings, negative affect, and tobacco use among 30 college students in 12-step recovery from drug and alcohol addictions. To account for individual variability in day-to-day process, it applies an idiographic approach. The sample of 20 males and 10 females (mean age = 21) was drawn from members of a collegiate recovery community at a large university. Data were collected with end-of-day data collections taking place over an average of 26.7 days. First-order vector autoregression models were fit to each individual predicting daily levels of substance use cravings, negative affect, and tobacco use from the same 3 variables 1 day prior. Individual model results demonstrated substantial interindividual differences in intraindividual recovery process. Based on estimates from individual models, cluster analyses were used to group individuals into 2 homogeneous subgroups. Group comparisons demonstrate distinct patterns in the day-to-day associations among substance use cravings, negative affect, and tobacco use, suggesting the importance of idiographic approaches to recovery management and that the potential value of focusing on negative affect or tobacco use as prevention targets depends on idiosyncratic processes.     

Is expressive suppression an effective coping strategy? A study of Chinese rescue medical staff following an earthquake

The current study examined the function of expressive suppression among Chinese rescue medical staff following a major earthquake. We administered self‐report questionnaires to (1) a sample of Chinese hospital medical staff (n = 305) who assisted victims of the Sichuan earthquake, and (2) a second sample of Chinese hospital medical staff (n = 149) who had not been exposed to a major stressor. To examine possible interaction effects among differing emotion regulation strategies, we also conducted structured interviews with a subset of rescue medical staff to obtain support for a positive function of expressive suppression and a mediating role of positive reappraisal. Structural equation modelling indicated that expressive suppression was associated with higher levels of job engagement and lower levels of job burnout among the rescue medical staff and that these effects were mediated by positive reappraisal. However, for regular medical staff (not exposed to traumatic stress), expressive suppression was associated with higher levels of both job engagement and job burnout; these effects were mediated by acceptance. These results provide preliminary evidence for the positive role of expressive suppression within Chinese culture.     

The role of healthy emotionality in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health problems: a cross-sectional study

Cognitive Processing - Understanding pandemic-related psychopathology development is limited due to numerous individual and contextual factors. It is widely accepted that individual differences to...