中学生师生关系的结构、类型及其发展特点

选取319名初一至高三学生作为被试,主要采用问卷法,考察中学生师生关系的结构、类型及其发展特点。结果表明：（1）师生关系结构具有冲突性、依恋性、亲密性和回避性四个维度;（2）师生关系类型包括矛盾冲突型、亲密和谐型和疏远平淡型三种类型;（3）师生关系各维度不存在显著性别差异,但存在显著年级差异,师生关系质量随年级升高呈波浪式下降趋势,初一学生的师生关系最好,初二和高二学生的师生关系最不理想;（4）师生关系各类型的人数比例存在显著年级差异。     

企业员工工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系研究

本研究旨在探讨企业员工工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系。用工作价值观调查表、中国组织公民行为量表对525名企业员工进行了问卷调查,结果发现：整体工作价值观与整体组织公民行为存在着显著性相关;工作价值观的能力警曼等璧翌组织公民行为的公司认同、个人主动性、保护公司资源因素有显著正向影响;工作价值观的地位因素对组织公民行为的公司认同、同事间的利他行为、个人主动性因素有显著正向影响。     

理解能力不同的个体抑制干扰信息的效率

根据多媒语言理解测试 ,筛选出汉语综合理解能力高、低不同的两组被试 ,采用固定速移动窗口阅读与选择性再认相结合的实验范式 ,在两个实验中考察了两组被试在理解加工汉语双字词和两从句复合句的过程中对外在干扰信息的抑制效率。词汇加工与句子加工两个实验的结果一致表明 :不同语言理解能力的个体在抑制干扰信息的效率上存在差异 ,低理解能力者的抑制效率也较低 ;抑制效率受到干扰材料意义性的影响 ,越有意义的干扰越难以被抑制     

启发信息对个体顿悟问题解决影响的眼动研究

本研究以火柴棒算式问题为实验材料,采用2(问题类型:问题A、问题B)×2(启发类型:有、无)×2(认知风格:场独立型、场依存型)×5(兴趣区:第一个加数、加号、第二个加数、等号和结果)实验设计,考察顿悟问题解决时个体的眼动差异。结果发现:相对于场依存型个体,场独立型个体能够更有效地利用启发信息来减小表征变换时的心理加工负荷,进而提高加工效率;启发信息促进问题解决者对问题的表征从数值表征转变到符号表征,从而成功地产生了顿悟。     

Spatial accuracy demand in aiming movements: kinematic analysis of subtended angle and tolerance width

Subtended angle has been assumed to be an important factor in both response programming time and kinematic characteristics of aiming movements. Support for this assumption has come mainly from studies in which circular targets have been used. However, with circular targets, the subtended angle covaries with the size of the target in the principal direction of the movement (tolerance width). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tolerance width and subtended angle on aiming movement with multiple targets. Participants first hit a 5-cm-diameter circular target located 8 cm to the left of a starting position and then moved another 8 cm left to hit either a 5-cm diameter circular target or a 5- x 1-cm rectangular target oriented either horizontally or vertically, depending on the condition. Analysis showed that reaction times and movement times were longer for the vertical rectangular target, which had a smaller tolerance width than the other two targets. In addition, the vertical rectangular target also showed a greater percentage of secondary-submovement trials, lower movement velocity, and higher peak vertical displacement. Overall, the results indicate that the tolerance width of the target may impose more constraints on aiming movements than subtended angle.     

The effects of different themes of self-disclosure on health outcomes in cancer patients—A meta-analysis

Self-disclosure (SD) is a common psychological intervention that involves expressing the patient's feelings and thoughts. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different themes of SD on cancer patients. We searched eight databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang from inception to July 2022. Other sources included clinical data registers. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. RevMan Analysis software 5.3 was used for data analysis. The protocol of this meta-analysis has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022339661). Twenty-two RCTs studies were included. The pooled results demonstrated that self-regulation self-disclosure (SRD) had significant effects on patients' sleep quality, benefit-finding, anxiety and quality of life (QOL), whereas emotional disclosure (ED) did not. Furthermore, enhanced self-regulation self-disclosure (ESRD) or cancer-related self-disclosure (CD) significantly improved patients' QOL, although health education self-disclosure (HED) and positive self-disclosure (PD) did not. Our study suggests that different themes of SD have varied effects on patients, but it remains unclear which themes to use at what point in time. Future research should investigate what themes of SD are adopted at different points in time and the duration of different periods.     

创伤暴露程度对中学生创伤后应激障碍的影响：复原力的调节作用

采用创伤暴露程度调查表、复原力量表和创伤后应激障碍症状量表调查了汶川地震1年后的773名中学生,考察了其复原力在创伤暴露程度与创伤后应激障碍关系中的调节作用。结果发现,地震1年后,中学生的创伤后应激障碍水平较低,其中男生的水平低于女生,初一学生的水平相对低于初二、高一和高三学生;创伤暴露程度对创伤后应激障碍及其各维度都有显著的正向预测作用;复原力在创伤暴露程度对创伤后应激障碍及其回避性症状与警觉性增高症状的影响上发生负向调节作用,在创伤暴露程度对闯入性症状的影响上不起调节作用。     

认知灵活性和顿悟表征转换：练习类型的影响

以停车场问题为实验材料,以42名大学生为被试,探讨认知灵活性高和低的被试在不同练习类型下顿悟问题表征转换的差异。结果表明：1）不同的练习类型对顿悟表征转换有影响,被试在难度逐渐增加的练习类型下比在简单的练习类型下顿悟产生得更快;2）顿悟表征转换的速度因认知灵活性的不同有差异,在简单的练习类型下,认知灵活性高的被试比认知灵活性低的被试顿悟产生得更早,在难度逐渐增加的练习类型下两者无差异;3）认知灵活性高的被试比认知灵活性低的被试顿悟问题解决更快。     

急性期精神分裂症返回抑制的时间进程

利用线索-靶子模式研究急性期精神分裂症返回抑制的时间进程.研究对象包括健康对照组、早期精神分裂症组和慢性精神分裂症组.结果表明:(1)健康志愿者和早期精神分裂症患者均有完好的返回抑制现象,而慢性精神分裂症患者存在返回抑制缺陷,返回抑制出现时间延迟,持续时间缩短.(2)精神分裂症的返回抑制缺陷与疾病慢性化指标(病程、既往发作次数和住院次数)之间存在相关性.结果支持早期精神分裂症和慢性精神分裂症在急性期存在不同的返回抑制特征,早期精神分裂症的返回抑制保存完好,而慢性精神分裂症的返回抑制存在缺陷;精神分裂症返回抑制缺陷可能发生发展于疾病的慢性过程中,而不是发生于疾病初期;精神分裂症的注意缺陷是独立的缺陷症状.     

教师社会化内容的结构

教师社会化是指个体成为教师共同体中参与性成员的过程.探索教师社会化内容是了解教师社会化过程和评估教师社会化程度的基础.本研究随机选取天津市和张掖市的650名教师参与调查,在访谈和文献分析的基础上编制了教师社会化问卷,最终得出了教师社会化内容的四维度结构,即"角色知识"、"工作胜任"、"学校知识"、"学校政治",为今后深化教师社会化研究奠定了基础.