不同程度尿蛋白患者血清甲状腺激素水平变化及其临床意义

探讨不同程度蛋白尿患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义。66例不同程度蛋白尿患者,肾病综合征组28例,非肾病综合征组38例,健康对照组60例。发现蛋白尿水平与甲状腺激素水平尤其是FT3水平关系密切。在肾病综合征患者,主要表现为FT3显著降低,提示肾病综合征是正常甲状腺病态综合征的一种。     

Characteristics of 12th-grade students seriously deficient in spatial ability

When spatial ability was regressed on a measure of general intelligence in a large national sample of 12th-graders, there was a distinct downturn in the regression line at about -2 SD units. A bimodal distribution of spatial ability was found among these low scoring students, suggesting 2 qualitatively different types of individuals. Relative to students of expected spatial ability, those below expected in spatial ability were high on verbal skills and low on performance skills. Students unexpectedly low in spatial ability performed relatively well on cognitive tests that required answering unambiguous questions by retrieving information directly from long term memory, whereas they performed relatively poorly on tests requiring inference and perception of relations among novel stimuli. Students unexpectedly low in spatial ability performed especially poorly at tests involving visual-spatial perception skills. Results were similar for both sexes. The relatively poor performance of those unexpectedly low in spatial ability does not appear to be related to health problems, personality, interest differences, or biographical data. An organic impairment possibly related to lateralization represents a reasonable causal hypothesis for these data.     

Counting knowledge and skill in cognitive addition: a comparison of normal and mathematically disabled children.

The relationship between counting knowledge and computational skills (i.e., skill at counting to solve addition problems) was assessed for groups of first-grade normal and mathematically disabled (MD) children. Twenty-four normal and 13 MD children were administered a series of counting tasks and solved 40 computer-administered addition problems. For the addition task, problem-solving strategies were recorded on a trial-by-trial basis. Performance on the counting tasks suggested that the MD children were developmentally delayed in the understanding of essential and unessential features of counting and were relatively unskilled in the detection of certain forms of counting error. On the addition task, the MD children committed many more computational errors and tended to use developmentally immature counting procedures. The immature counting knowledge of the MD children, combined with their relatively poor skills at detecting counting errors, appeared to underlie their poor computational skills on the addition task. Suggestions for future research are presented.     

负启动效应的认知神经科学研究

近几年,对负启动效应的神经机制研究发现,干扰项抑制与情节提取都是引起负启动的原因,究竟哪种机制起主要作用与实验任务有很大的关系。从现有的研究结果来看,位置负启动与前额皮层有关,EPR上表现为P1和N1波幅减小或N2波幅的增大,支持抑制机制。特性负启动P3成分仍存在不一致的结果,脑区的广泛激活模式使得研究者越来越倾向采取整合的观点。     

三岁之前幼儿对错误信念的理解

关于幼儿开始理解错误信念的年龄,一直存在激烈的争论。目前颇具影响力的观点认为,幼儿只有在4岁左右才能理解错误信念,3岁幼儿至多只能隐性理解错误信念。支持这种观点的证据主要来自于对幼儿的错误信念的言语实验。由于这些实验结果被认为与言语测试范式相关,越来越多的实验采用非言语测试方法,结果发现3岁,甚至3岁之前幼儿就能够理解错误信念。同时,这一观点也获得了一些理论证据的支持。     

Owning leads to valuing: Meta-analysis of the mere ownership effect

Mere ownership effect is the phenomenon that people tend to value what they own more than what they do not own. This classic effect is considered robust, yet effect sizes vary across studies, and the effect is often confused for or confounded with other classic phenomena, such as endowment or mere exposure effects. We conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis of 26 samples published before 2019 (N = 3024), which resulted in psychological ownership on valuing effect of g ∼ 0.57 [0.46, 0.69]. Suggestive moderator analyses supported the use of replica as the strongest moderators. Mere ownership effects were different from the null across all moderator categories and in most publication bias adjustments. We consider this as suggestive evidence that psychological owning leads to valuing, yet caution that much more research is needed. All materials, data, and codes are available on https://osf.io/fdyqw/ .     

Self‐construction and identity: The Confucian self in relation to some western perceptions

In contrast to the metaphysical, epistemological and psychological understandings of the self traditionally held and today still extensively considered in the West, the self in Confucianism is essentially an ethical concept, representing a holistic view of humanhood and a continuingly constructive process driven by self‐cultivation and moral orientations. This paper first examines what is literally and philosophically meant by the self in these two traditions, then examines the contrasts or comparisons between the Confucian conception of the self and the self as perceived in some strands of Western philosophy; and finally, interprets and analyses the constructively organic theory of the Confucian self, which is clearly differentiated from the self perceived in mainstream philosophy in traditional Europe and yet is being echoed in the more recent developments of Western philosophy and in the strong current of postmodernism. [1]     

幼儿记忆回涨实验研究

以哈尔滨师范大学幼儿园全体幼儿为对象（未经筛选）,采用录音机播放识记材料的方法,对幼儿记忆回涨现象进行了研究。结果发现：幼儿确实存在着不同于艾宾洁斯遗忘曲线的记忆回涨现象,而且年龄不同记忆回涨高峰时间亦不相同;复习与回涨高峰的关系实验结果发现,幼儿记忆回涨高峰期间复习效果最好。     

进化心理学取向与当代心理学

进化心理学以进化论为理论基础,用适应的观点来解释人类的心理机制及其行为方式。本文通过阐明进化心理学的产生背景,重点论述了进化心理学的思维方式及其与心理学主要学科分支的联系,并指出了进化心理学对当代心理学发展的影响。     

音标-音素意识整合训练的重要价值——小学二年级干预组与三年级对照组的比较

采用前-后测对照组的准实验设计,通过小学二年级的两个干预组与小学三年级的一个对照组之间的比较研究,结果表明:音标知识、音素分解、合成、删除与替换技能相整合的训练方案,以及音标知识、音素分解与合成技能相整合的训练方案,都有利于提高小学二年级学生的英语音素意识、准朗读和朗读技能;不过,训练内容相对多的前者,并没有显著地优于训练内容相对少的后者。