论明代的度僧

明代建立了完密的度僧制度:禁止妇女出家,限定家庭出身以及本人身分,限定出家年龄,考试通经,限定全国僧人总数,度牒免费发放。明初多循制度僧;中期经常违制度僧,并大量鬻牒;后期主要鬻牒。明代度僧抑制了佛教势力,有利于生产发展、社会稳定及明王朝统治的巩固;有所限制的鬻牒,部分解决了军饷、赈济;大量度僧鬻牒,对生产发展、社会稳定起阻碍作用;私度盛行,买卖、伪造度牒成风,僧官借机营私舞弊;度僧对北京治安、物价也有很大影响。对佛教来说,明代度僧造就了庞大僧团,维系着佛教表面繁盛;促进了诸宗融合,促成了赴应僧队伍专业化和壮大,推动了佛教的世俗化进程;导致佛学进一步衰微。     

动态两难对策中信息反馈方式对合作行为的影响

本研究着重探讨了多人动态对策情景中信息反馈方式和群体认同度对合作行为变化的影响。结果表明,集体反馈比个人反馈更能促进被试的合作行为,而群体认同度对合作行为的影响不显著;在集体反馈条件下,合作行为在各轮次问的随机波动较大,但在三个决策阶段问较为稳定;个人反馈条件下,合作行为在各轮次问的随机波动较小,但在三阶段问呈现出不对称的“U”型变化趋势。研究认为,建立在反馈信息基础上的决策学习使合作行为的动态变化具有策略性和适应性。     

Facing temptation: The neural correlates of gambling availability during sports picture exposure

Nowadays, sports betting has become increasingly available and easy to engage in. Here we examined the neural responses to stimuli that represent sporting events available for betting as compared to sporting events without a gambling opportunity. We used a cue exposure task in which football (soccer) fans (N = 42) viewed cues depicting scheduled football games that would occur shortly after the scanning session. In the “betting” condition, participants were instructed to choose, at the end of each block, the game (and the team) they wanted to bet on. In the “watching” condition, participants chose the game they would prefer to watch. After the scanning session, participants completed posttask rating questionnaires assessing, for each cue, their level of confidence about the team they believed would win and how much they would enjoy watching the game. We found that stimuli representing sport events available for betting elicited higher fronto-striatal activation, as well as higher insular cortex activity and functional connectivity, than sport events without a gambling opportunity. Moreover, games rated with more confidence towards the winning team resulted in greater brain activations within regions involved in affective decision-making (ventromedial prefrontal cortex), cognitive inhibitory control (medial and superior frontal gyri) and reward processing (ventral and dorsal striatum). Altogether, these novel findings offer a sensible simulation of how the high availability of sports betting in today’s environment impacts on the reward and cognitive control systems. Future studies are needed to extend the present findings to a sample of football fans that includes a samilar proportion of female and male participants.     

马克思《资本论》的历史性解读

卢卡奇在反思自己的马克思主义思想发展道路时,谈到了他对马克思哲学本质的这一理解:"任何人若幻想靠对辩证唯物主义的广泛深入的认识来一劳永逸地掌握自然和社会的现象,就必然要从生动的辩证法重新陷入机械的僵化状态,从全面的唯物主义重新陷入唯心主义的片面性.马克思的学说辩证唯物主义,必须每日每时地在实践中重新领会和掌握."     

濠梁之辩、摩尔悖论与唯我论

运用现代逻辑工具对《庄子》中的著名辩论濠梁之辩所包含的命题、论证和推理进行了分析,指出惠施在论辩中隐含使用或承认了某种唯我论命题,该命题将导出形如"φ且我不知道φ"这样的摩尔句,从而产生摩尔悖论。庄子通过反驳和"诡辩"的方式不自觉地触及了其悖论性所在。进一步,利用摩尔悖论表明:在合理的预设下,认识论的唯我论即使是真的,也是不可知的。本体论的唯我论比认识论的唯我论在逻辑上更加坚固。     

论马克思实践哲学的政治意蕴

In order to deepen the studies on the philosophy of practice, it is essential to explore the political significance of Marx's philosophy of practice. Marx's philosophy of practice is rooted in the problem of modernity and the separation between “individual subjectivity” and “societal community” in the modern context is the basic background of Marx's practical philosophy. It is the basic interest of Marx's philosophy of practice to find a way to end this separation via critique of civil society. Therefore, Marx's philosophy of practice has a clear significance, which manifests in the following aspects: one is “liberation politics,” and the other, “the regulatory mode of the socio-political institution.” Translated by Zhang Lin from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Research), 2007, (1): 3–10     

论明武宗崇奉藏传佛教

明武宗朱厚照在历史上以崇奉藏传佛教而著称。他在京师大量封授、供养藏僧,自封为大庆法王,坚持迎取活佛,为藏僧等建寺造塔,大量开度藏僧行童。明武宗崇奉藏传佛教,与他信奉藏传佛教教义及修行方法,以及其荒嬉的个性有很大关系。宫中浓厚的藏传佛教信仰、朝政日益黑暗腐朽也有一定影响。武宗崇奉藏传佛教,使明朝政治日趋黑暗腐朽,加剧了财政危机,加强了汉藏文化交流,也成为反面典型和后世诸帝鉴戒。     

震后民族地区初中生应付方式与心理健康关系研究

该研究采用《初中生心理健康问卷》和《应付方式问卷》,对496名"5.12"汶川大地震民族地区的初中生心理健康水平和应付方式进行了调查。结果发现:1)灾区民族初中生的心理健康得分较高,各因子相关性较强;2)性别和年级方面大部分心理健康因子差异显著;3)应付方式各因子间呈显著低相关;4)解决问题、自责、幻想等应付方式对震后民族地区初中生的心理健康有显著预测作用。     

2010年宗教界人士迎春茶话会在京举行

2月9日上午,由中共中央统战部、全国政协民宗委、国家宗教事务局共同主办的2010年宗教界人士迎春茶话会在北京举行。茶话会由中     

消费者研究：存在主义现象学方法论与应用

在实证主义占主导地位的消费者研究领域,存在主义现象学具有其独特优势,它提供了对消费现象的一种基于经验的、方法论上的准确理解。如果不考虑哲学假设和方法论约束上的差异,存在主义现象学方法也能符合逻辑实证主义主要评价标准的要求。文章在消费者研究范式的大框架中对之进行了阐述,试图说明并强调,非实证主义方法也有自身的哲学基础和具体规范,但只有准确地运用,才能发挥出对学术研究的独特价值