Kinematics, kinetics, and electromyogram of ankle during drop landing: a comparison between dominant and non-dominant limb

The biomechanical difference between the dominant and non-dominant limb has seldom been studied during double-leg landing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of limb laterality on the ankle kinematics, kinetics and electromyogram (EMG) during drop landing. Sixteen healthy adults were recruited and dropped individually from platforms with three different heights (0.32 m, 0.52 m, and 0.72 m). The ground reaction force, ankle joint kinematics, and surface EMG of tibialis anterior (TA) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) were measured in both lower extremities. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of laterality and dropping height. The peak angular velocities in dorsiflexion and abduction were significantly higher in the dominant ankle, whereas the pre- and post-landing EMG amplitudes of the TA were significantly higher in the non-dominant limb. Compared with the dominant side, the non-dominant ankle has a more effective protective mechanism in that excessive joint motion is restrained by greater ankle flexor activity. Compared with the non-dominant side, the dominant ankle joint is in greater injury risk during drop landing, and data measured in the dominant limb may produce more conservative conclusions for injury protection or prediction.     

Extreme response style as a cultural response to climato‐economic deprivation

We investigated the effects of climato‐economic harshness on extreme response style. Climato‐economic theorising postulates that a more threatening climate in poorer countries, in contrast to countries with a more comforting climate and richer countries with a more challenging climate, triggers intolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance inherent to conservatism, in‐group favouritism and autocracy. Scores of extreme response style at country level, a proxy of this cluster of cultural characteristics, were extracted from students' responses in the Programme for International Student Assessment to test the hypothesis. In a series of hierarchical regression analysis across 64 countries, cold demands, heat demands and GDP per capita showed a highly significant interaction effect on extreme response style, predicting in total 30.7% of the variance. Extreme response style was highest in poorer countries with higher climatic demands, and lowest in richer countries with lower climate demands. Implications are discussed.     

Loneliness and Suicidal Risk in Young Adults: Does Believing in a Changeable Future Help Minimize Suicidal Risk Among the Lonely?

This study examined loneliness and future orientation as predictors of suicidal risk, namely, depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, in a sample of 228 college students (54 males and 174 females). Results of regression analyses indicated that loneliness was a significant predictor of both indices of suicidal risk. The inclusion of future orientation was found to significantly augment the prediction model of both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, even after accounting for loneliness. Noteworthy, beyond loneliness and future orientation, the Loneliness × Future Orientation interaction term was found to further augment both prediction models of suicidal risk. Consistent with the notion that future orientation is an important buffer of suicidal risk, among lonely students, those with high future orientation, compared to low future orientation, were found to report significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Some implications of the present findings for studying both risk and protective factors associated with suicidal risk in young adults are discussed.     

Unequal Care,Unequal Work: Toward a more Comprehensive Understanding of Gender Inequality in Post-Reform Urban China

Sex Roles - Over the last four decades, as China has transitioned from a socialist centralized economy to a productivity-and-efficiency-oriented market economy, so too have the country’s...     

以经为径学神仙 乐在人间度有缘——2010中国崂山论道暨第二届玄门讲经活动隆重举行

<正>7月24日至25日,在全国大部分地区笼罩在酷暑高温中的时候,青岛崂山却是一片清凉。由中国道教协会主办,山东省道教协会协办,青岛崂山论道组委会承办的"2010     

本底抉择:翟振明对哈贝马斯超越的关键——兼评翟振明教授英文专著《本底抉择与道德理论》

<本底抉择与道德理论>是翟振明教授在美国出版的一本伦理学专著.在这部著作中,翟振明以哈贝马斯的交互理性及对话伦理为理论出发点,提出了本底抉择的概念,从而形成了对哈贝马斯理论的某种超越.在交互共同体中,翟振明赋予交互共同体中每个成员的选择以最本底的意义,哈姆雷特式的经典问题"To-Be-Or-Not-To-Be"成为每个成员进行本底抉择时必须直面的问题.更为重要的是,翟振明将本底抉择建基于真正的人(具有人的度规的人)之上,并对人的生命给予一种现象学意义的审视.     

亚里士多德的"德性"与孔子的"德"之比较

从上个世纪20年代至今,中国学者将亚里士多德的一个重要的伦理概念arete译为"德性"、"德"、"德行"、"美德"、"品德"、"优秀"等等.亚氏的arete指人时意思是人的理性的特长、功能.它分为两类:"理智的德性"和"伦理的德性";后者与理性密切相关,显示了亚氏伦理学的理性主义特征.孔子的"德"与亚氏的arete较为相似.孔子的"德"包括才在内,指人的道德.这或许可以叫做道德理性.孔子的"德"包涵内在的与外在的两个方面.在内为个人修养,外化为德行,二者密不可分.具体言之,即修己与安人.比较这两个概念,有助于理解这两位东西方大师的伦理学说.     

论钟离权、吕洞宾的内丹学说

钟离权、吕洞宾,是道教史上两个关键的人物.从宋元的南宗、北宗,到明清的东、西二派,他们都自称得钟吕之真传.为了使钟、吕具有广泛的号召力和影响面,自北宋以来,道教中人就开始编造故事,神化钟、吕,尤其是吕洞宾.这样一来,出现了有关钟、吕的大量记载,钟、吕成为神仙,列居唐宋八仙之中.在这里,我们是把他们作为道教人物来进行分析,以探讨其内丹学说.     

论新中国建立初期宗教界对宗教制度民主改革的贡献

中国宗教界素有自我革新和与中国共产党合作的传统,在党和国家的推动下,中国宗教界对旧中国宗教制度进行了全面的民主改革,克服了旧中国宗教所具有的半封建和半殖民地性质,开始了宗教与新中国和社会主义社会相适应的历程.改革后的中国宗教获得了新生,宗教界人士成了爱国统一战线的重要组成部分,广大信教群众成了新中国的一支重要建设力量.何虎生.中国人民大学党史系工作.     

一种有神的信仰是怎样建立起来的(三)

(三)讨论“人不信神,就会为所欲为,什么坏事都敢干”的观点“法轮大法”除了如上所述谈了许多神的问题外,还从道德的角度谈了一个信神的观点,看起来非常有道理,也非常容易得人心。摘录其中两段:“人之所以有道德规范,是因为人知道,做不好的事去不了天国还要下地狱会遭报应。人在约束自己不做坏事,维护人类的道德。……人不相信神的时候,大家想一想,就非常的可怕!人什么坏事都敢干,他认为谁也看不见,就干坏事……”“人不相信神,不是一个简单的问题,是人在毁灭着人的道德。人相信业力轮报,相信做好事有好报,做坏事有坏报、恶报,人干什么事情…