咒语的本源、演变、基本特征以及与祷词、神谕的区别

巫术与神灵崇拜仪式中出现的仪式语言有咒语、祷词与神谕。在现代社会尚存的以民俗信仰为主的中国本土传统的宗教仪式中,三种仪式语言往往连用或混杂在一起,而咒语的情况最为复杂。原始形态的咒语源自巫术活动中的语言灵力崇拜,而在后世有各种与神灵崇拜相结合的形态。依照咒语形成的原理和基本特征,可以判别具体仪式中咒语的灵力构成形态。根据三种仪式语言的性质、特征的差异,以及所用词句的不同,可以将三者加以比较细致的区分,借此可以明了特定仪式的超自然力崇拜的具体状况。     

应当关注时间心理无意识的研究

随着心理无意识研究在记忆、学习和思维等领域的兴起,内隐时间认知也逐步成为时间心理学中的一个研究热点。本文分析了探究内隐时间认知的四种方法:分离范式、序列学习范式、表征动量范式和计时分布相关范式,指出内隐时间认知实验范式在无意识时间人格与社会心理学中的研究也是有相当前景的。     

The association between parents' ethnic socialization and positive and negative interethnic contact among majority and minority groups in China and the moderating role of essentialism

In a multiethnic country like China, ethnic membership is an important dimension of social construction, and interethnic contact is a necessary component of social interactions. Family is the context where ethnic socialization takes place and where parents play a relevant role. The present study focused on the Hui-Han interethnic context. Measures of perceived parent's ethnic socialization, interethnic contact, and essentialism were administrated to Hui minority (N = 560) and Han majority (N = 954) secondary students. Results indicated that parents' positive ethnic socialization (cultural socialization/pluralism, promotion of harmony) was associated with greater positive and lower negative contact, while negative ethnic socialization (preparation for bias, promotion of mistrust) had opposite effects. Essentialist views of ethnicity moderated the associations of perceived parents' positive ethnic socialization with positive contact: the association between positive ethnic socialization and positive contact was stronger among individuals with lower (vs. higher) essentialist views. Results did not differ across the majority and the minority group. Implications for prompting positive interethnic interactions and preventing negative contact are discussed.     

中国人的群体参照记忆效应

在自我参照效应范式中加入参照认同群体加工任务,比较了中国被试在参照中国人和参照美国人进行记忆加工时的再认率及“记得”与“知道”判断的成绩。两项实验结果一致表明,参照中国人加工的再认成绩显著高于参照美国人,表明记忆加工的认同群体参照效应,而在“记得”与“知道”指标上并无差异;参照中国人加工的再认成绩和“记得”判断成绩显著低于自我参照加工。根据个体自我、关系自我和集体自我的分类方法,自我参照效应反映了个体自我对于记忆加工的影响,群体参照效应则主要反映了集体自我的影响     

Numeral size, spacing between targets, and exposure time in discrimination by elderly people using an lcd monitor

The present study investigated the effects of numeral size, spacing between targets, and exposure time on the discrimination performance by elderly and younger people using a liquid crystal display screen. Analysis showed size of numerals significantly affected discrimination, which increased with increasing numeral size. Spacing between targets also had a significant effect on discrimination, i.e., the larger the space between numerals, the better their discrimination. When the spacing between numerals increased to 4 or 5 points, however, discrimination did not increase beyond that for 3-point spacing. Although performance increased with increasing exposure time, the difference in discrimination at an exposure time of 0.8 vs 1.0 sec. was not significant. The accuracy by the elderly group was less than that by younger subjects.     

Use of pirated compact discs on four college campuses: a perspective from theory of planned behavior

The Theory of Planned Behavior was chosen as the framework, assuming that college students are rational decision makers seeking to maximize economic gains in purchasing compact discs. A questionnaire was given to 450 students from four college campuses in the Kaohsiung area of Taiwan. Analyses showed that the more positively rated the Behavioral Intention toward purchasing pirated music compact discs, the more likely the college students were to purchase them. Conversely, when Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control were higher, college students were less likely to make a purchase. Therefore, buying pirated compact discs was consistent with the premises for Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Behavioral Control.     

"刑"与"直":礼法与情感——孔子究竟如何看待"证父攘羊"?

在伦理问题成为当今学术热点的背景下,围绕《论语》和《孟子》中的三个所谓“案例”(父与子相隐、舜窃父而逃、舜封弟于有庳)而展开的“儒家伦理争鸣”已经进行了好几年,然而至今没有结果。问题出在哪里呢?本文将通过对《论语》所载“父子相隐”问题的分析,提出自己的思考。这段记载如下:叶公语孔子曰:“吾党有直躬者,其父攘羊,而子证之。”孔子曰:“吾党之直者异于是。父为子隐,子为父隐,直在其中矣。”[1]这段记载是说:叶公以为“其父攘羊,其子证之”是“直”,而孔子指出“父为子隐,子为父隐”才是“直”。然而在近年的这场论战中,双方其…     

目前国内常用心理健康量表的回顾与反思

对国内近10多年来常被用于评鉴心理健康的7大类量表的分析结果表明,我国常用心理健康评估工具具有逐年增加、从单纯引进转向创造性地自编、自编量表的内容从学习与人格向多领域延伸、自编量表的方法从不完全到完全的特点。已编制出一些信效度较高的量表,但是仍存在一些问题。存在的主要问题是量表的信效度较低、自编量表有低水平重复现象、测量积极心理的量表少。     

论网络文化条件下大学生道德人格的培育

网络技术的普及和运用对大学生道德人格的培育产生了深远的影响.大学生道德人格培育的关键是培育大学生的网络道德人格.通过把握虚拟性与真实性、多元性与普适性、共性与个性的统一,认清网络道德人格的实质.大学生网络道德人格的外部型塑不仅需要大学生在自我塑造上积极地正身、修己、明志,同时需要作为外因的高校道德教育树立大德育观念,提高教育者自身的素质,注重网络文化环境建设,以此调动学生自我探求、自我创造、自我约束、自我修养的积极意识.     

Cocaine-but not methamphetamine-associated memory requires de novo protein synthesis

Context-induced drug craving and continuous drug use manifest the critical roles of specific memory episodes associated with the drug use experiences. Drug-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in C57BL/6J mouse model, in this regard, is an appropriate behavioral paradigm to study such drug use-associated memories. Requirement of protein synthesis in various forms of long-term memory formation and storage has been phylogenetically demonstrated. This study was undertaken to study the requirement of protein synthesis in the learning and memory aspect of the conditioned place preference induced by cocaine and methamphetamine, two abused drugs of choice in local area. Since pCREB has been documented as a candidate substrate for mediating the drug-induced neuroadaptation, the pCREB level in hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex was examined for its potential participation in the formation of CPP caused by these psychostimulants. We found that cocaine (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/dose)-induced CPP was abolished by the pretreatment of anisomycin (50 mg/kg/dose), a protein synthesis inhibitor, whereas methamphetamine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg/dose)-induced CPP was not affected by the anisomycin pretreatment. Likewise, cocaine-induced CPP was mitigated by another protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (15 mg/kg/injection) pretreatment, whereas methamphetamine-induced CPP remained intact by such pretreatment. Moreover, anisomycin treatment 2h after each drug-place pairing disrupted the cocaine-induced CPP, whereas the same treatment did not affect methamphetamine-induced CPP. An increase of accumbal pCREB level was found to associate with the learning phase of cocaine, but not with the learning phase of methamphetamine. We further found that intraaccumbal CREB antisense oligodeoxynucleotide infusion diminished cocaine-induced CPP, whereas did not affect the methamphetamine-induced CPP. Taken together, these data suggest that protein synthesis and accumbal CREB phosphorylation are essential for the learning and consolidation of the cocaine-induced CPP, whereas methamphetamine-induced CPP may be unrelated to the synthesis of new proteins.