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191.
神经成像技术的应用不仅会影响人的大脑活动,甚至可以读出人类思想的内容.因此,在使用神经成像技术时,既要遵循技术规范,还要遵循生命伦理学的基本原则.概述了神经成像技术的成就及其研究和应用价值,讨论了神经成像技术在应用过程中的知情同意、隐私保护等伦理问题,以及运用神经成像技术进行测谎可能涉及的伦理问题. 相似文献
192.
1993年出土于湖北江陵县王家台秦墓的竹简中,有一种具有卦画符号的"易占"类残简,其卦名及卦爻辞多与传世文献互见,初步被认为是秦简《归藏》。研究者在对《归藏》竹简文本进行整理的同时,着重于其性质、年代以及与易学史相关诸问题的研究,取得了很多成果。 相似文献
193.
Geoffrey B. Saxe Darrell Earnest Yasmin Sitabkhan Lina C. Haldar Katherine E. Lewis Ying Zheng 《认知与教导》2013,31(4):433-474
This report provides evidence of the influence of a tutorial “communication game” on fifth graders’ generative understanding of the integer number line. Students matched for classroom and pretest score were randomly assigned to a tutorial (n = 19) and control group (n = 19). The tutorial group students played a 13-problem game in which student and tutor each were required to mark the same position on a number line but could not see one another's activities. To resolve discrepant solutions, tutor and student constructed agreements about number line principles and conventions to guide subsequent placements. Pre-/posttest contrasts showed that (a) tutorial students gained more than controls and (b) agreement use predicted gain. Analyses of micro-constructions during play revealed properties of student learning trajectories. 相似文献
194.
The complete high-order perturbation formulae of spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters (g factors gi and hyperfine structure constants Ai , where i = x, y, z) containing contributions from both the crystal-field (CF) and charge-transfer (CT) mechanisms (the latter mechanism is neglected in the widely-used CF theory) are established for d1 ions in rhombic tetrahedra. From these formulae, the SH parameters of Cr5+ ion at the rhombically-distorted tetrahedral P5+ site of Ca2PO4Cl crystal are calculated. The CF and CT energy levels used in the calculation are obtained from the optical spectra of the studied Ca2PO4Cl : Cr5+ crystal. The calculated results showed reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The signs of the hyperfine structure constants Ai and the relative importance of the CT mechanism to SH parameters are acquired from the calculations. 相似文献
195.
Baolong Zheng Ying Li Weizong Xu Yizhang Zhou Suveen N. Mathaudhu Yuntian Zhu 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(8):457-464
Nanocrystalline (nc) Mg powder was synthesized via cryomilling. Extension twins were identified with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in the cryomilled powders and the study presents the first evidence of twinning in unalloyed nc Mg. The formation of twins in the nc Mg is attributed to a high strain rate, the low (cryogenic) temperature and high local shear stresses present around the grain boundaries during deformation by cryomilling. 相似文献
196.
Individuals’ development is a multilayered affair. The influence of family relationship on personality, such as and focusing on birth order, is subject to influence from other social systems in which the families are situated. The current research examined the relation of birth order to personality and life satisfaction in China, where only children have become the majority because of national policy. Across two studies with both between-family data (N = 1468) and within-family data (N = 171), onlyborns and laterborns surpassed firstborns on openness to experience. In addition, only-child participants were more satisfied with their own lives than were sibling participants, especially laterborns. The results offer new insights into the dynamic relations between ecology and personality. 相似文献
197.
Yael Benn Iain D. Wilkinson Ying Zheng Kathrin Cohen Kadosh Charles A.J. Romanowski Michael Siegal Rosemary Varley 《Brain and cognition》2013
The role of language in exact calculation is the subject of debate. Some behavioral and functional neuroimaging investigations of healthy participants suggest that calculation requires language resources. However, there are also reports of individuals with severe aphasic language impairment who retain calculation ability. One possibility in resolving these discordant findings is that the neural basis of calculation has undergone significant reorganization in aphasic calculators. Using fMRI, we examined brain activations associated with exact addition and subtraction in two patients with severe agrammatic aphasia and retained calculation ability. Behavior and brain activations during two-digit addition and subtraction were compared to those of a group of 11 healthy, age-matched controls. Behavioral results confirmed that both patients retained calculation ability. Imaging findings revealed individual differences in processing, but also a similar activation pattern across patients and controls in bilateral parietal cortices. Patients differed from controls in small areas of increased activation in peri-lesional regions, a shift from left fronto-temporal activation to the contralateral region, and increased activations in bilateral superior parietal regions. Our results suggest that bilateral parietal cortex represents the core of the calculation network and, while healthy controls may recruit language resources to support calculation, these mechanisms are not mandatory in adult cognition. 相似文献
198.
Using a sample of 332 job applicants in Iran, this study integrates Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and signaling theory to explain factors influencing applicants' behavioral intentions to apply for jobs online. Of the two main constructs of TAM, perceived usefulness was found to have a significant impact on applicants' behavioral intentions, while perceived ease of use was not. Based on the signaling theory, impression of the organizational website appeared to create interests in organization as a potential employer; hence, prompt applicants to apply for jobs. These results extend our understanding of the online recruitment in different context and provide further insights with regard to possible effects of website features on applicants' attractions toward organizations operating in Iran. 相似文献
199.
Annie Lang Ashley Sanders-Jackson Zheng Wang Bridget Rubenking 《Motivation and emotion》2013,37(3):508-517
This paper investigates differences in overtime processing of television messages with three types of emotional trajectories—those which begin neutral and become negative, begin neutral and become positive and begin neutral and become equally positive and negative. The limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing is used to predict how the type of emotional content influences real-time activation of the appetitive and aversive motivational systems which then alter concurrent and subsequent message processing. Results show that during the first time period, when motivational activation is low, more resources are allocated to coactive and positive compared to negative messages supporting the positivity offset hypothesis. In the middle time period, when activation is moderate, more resources are allocated to negative than to positive messages, supporting the negativity bias hypothesis. Further, the different patterns of motivational activation do result in different patterns of messages processing. During positive messages, encoding increases and storage decreases over time. During negative messages, encoding decreases and storage increases overtime. During coactive messages initial encoding and storage are high though both decrease slightly over time. 相似文献
200.
以往研究认为认知控制在闯入记忆的发展中起一定作用。研究以83名大学生本科生为被试,采用创伤电影范式和问卷调查结合的方式,旨在考察创伤个体注意控制、焦虑及情绪对闯入记忆的影响。结果显示,注意控制、焦虑和情绪与闯入记忆相关;注意控制和观看创伤电影前的消极情绪对闯入记忆有一定的预测作用;注意控制与焦虑、情绪相关;高低注意控制组分别在焦虑、情绪上差异显著。注意控制、焦虑、创伤前负性情绪与闯入记忆相关;注意控制、创伤前负性情绪显著影响闯入记忆。
关键词:闯入记忆;注意控制;焦虑;情绪;创伤 相似文献