Moral values of only and sibling children in mainland China

Seventh graders (N = 346) in Beijing and Shanghai were administered the Chinese Values Survey (M. H. Bond & the Chinese Culture Connection, 1987) and the Rokeach Values Survey (modified version; R. A. Cole, 1972) in 1992. Results showed no statistically significant difference in scores between only and sibling children who rated Chinese values and Rokeach terminal values. The 2 groups appeared to be significantly different in rating Rokeach instrumental values, but the effect sizes accounted for less than 2% of the variance. The stereotype of only children as being "spoiled" was not supported by the data.     

Duty and inclination: The phenomenological value ethics of Hans Reiner

I wish to thank Hans Reiner who gave me the opportunity of spending a day in discussion with him in Freiburg i.Br.     

Being good to look good: Self-reported moral character predicts moral double standards among reputation-seeking individuals

Moral character is widely expected to lead to moral judgements and practices. However, such expectations are often breached, especially when moral character is measured by self-report. We propose that because self-reported moral character partly reflects a desire to appear good, people who self-report a strong moral character will show moral harshness towards others and downplay their own transgressions—that is, they will show greater moral hypocrisy. This self-other discrepancy in moral judgements should be pronounced among individuals who are particularly motivated by reputation. Employing diverse methods including large-scale multination panel data (N = 34,323), and vignette and behavioural experiments (N = 700), four studies supported our proposition, showing that various indicators of moral character (Benevolence and Universalism values, justice sensitivity, and moral identity) predicted harsher judgements of others' more than own transgressions. Moreover, these double standards emerged particularly among individuals possessing strong reputation management motives. The findings highlight how reputational concerns moderate the link between moral character and moral judgement.     

Content development and initial psychometric analysis of the problematic hypersexuality scale

The purpose of this investigation was to develop an instrument to screen for the presence of problematic hypersexuality in a nonclinical sample of 357 adults residing in the United States. The problematic hypersexuality scale (PHS) was the product of this investigation and was designed to address the limitations of existing measures for this construct and gather psychometric evidence to support the intended uses of and claims drawn from this instrument. Empirical evidence for the use of the PHS as a screener was founded through factor analytic procedures, Rasch modeling, and the use of item response theory.     

同伴关系的发展研究

同伴关系因其在个体心理社会适应中的重要作用而受到研究者的广泛重视。本文介绍了作者及其团队在同伴关系领域基于13年的"中美儿童同伴关系数据库"开展的长期研究工作,主要包括儿童同伴关系的影响因素及影响后效、同伴关系的追踪研究、同伴关系的中美比较和网络同伴关系等主题,较为全面地阐述了儿童同伴关系领域的现有研究基础,概括了儿童同伴关系的童年期特点、发展趋势及其文化差异,总结了对儿童同伴关系及其发展的主要指标研究得到的结论,并从网络交往、同伴关系的社会网络分析和个体中心的分析等视角指出了同伴关系领域后续研究的可行方向。     

内群体情绪强度的系统动力学模型

选取自愿参加本实验的某高校20个教学班级的686人为被试,基于社会网络（social network）的系统动力学（system of dynamic）建模的方法建立了内群体情绪强度的系统动力学模型,并采用心理实验的方法对模型的合理性进行了检验,结果表明,所建立的模型能够与实验数据较好拟合,能较合理地对内群体情绪强度变化的动力学规律进行刻画。此外,通过与以往同类研究对比,本研究还发现：内群体情绪强度的减弱滞后于群体内群体情绪传播的减弱。     

多阶段混合增长模型的影响因素：距离与形态

通过模拟研究, 考察潜类别距离和发展形态等因素对多阶段混合增长模型的模型选择和参数估计的影响：(1)潜类别距离越大, 模型选择和分类效果越好。(2)混合模型的选择, 应以一定样本量(至少200)为前提, 首先考虑BIC选出正确的分类模型, 再通过熵值、ARI等选择分类确定性较高的模型。(3)多阶段的发展形态对正确模型的选择和分类的确定性均有一定程度影响。(4)潜类别距离和样本量越大, 参数估计精度越高。(5)在判断分类准确性的指标中, ARI的选择更偏向于真实的模型。     

群体身份调节最后通牒博弈的公平关注

群际互动是社会互动的一种重要形式, 在人类社会发展中起着重要作用。已有的行为研究表明个体参与群际互动时, 互动对象的群体身份会影响其心理加工和行为决策。但目前关于群体身份如何影响公平加工的动态时间过程尚不清楚。为了研究群体身份对最后通牒任务(Ultimatum Game, UG)中反应者公平关注的影响, 15名健康成人作为反应者与组内和组外提议者进行UG博弈, 提议包括极端不公平、中等不公平或公平提议三种。事件相关电位结果发现, 组外互动时公平提议和中等不公平提议比极端不公平提议诱发更负的AN1, 组内互动时不同提议诱发的AN1无显著差异。来自组内成员的中等和极端不公平提议比公平提议引起更负的内侧额叶负波(MFN), 但来自组外成员的不同提议则没有导致MFN波幅的变化。这些结果表明在群体互动情境下, 互动成员的群体身份能够影响个体的早期注意资源分配和公平关注加工。     

驾驶员视觉注意对危险识别的影响及作用机制

驾驶中, 有效的视觉注意模式是驾驶员搜索与识别潜在道路危险的先决条件。通过分析驾驶员视觉注意对危险识别的影响, 提出情境意识假设与心理负荷假设。情境意识假设认为, 情境意识的质量决定了驾驶员视觉注意模式的灵活性, 进而影响危险识别。心理负荷假设认为, 心理负荷水平提高, 驾驶员视觉注意趋于集中, 不利于危险识别。建议未来研究可以在比较不同驾驶员情境意识的认知兼容性, 应用汽车驾驶自动化技术降低心理负荷以及检测并区分情境意识与心理负荷的影响等方面加以深入。