经后路椎管扩大减压术治疗多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

研究经后路椎管扩大减压术治疗多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的疗效.自2006年8月至2011年8月,采用经后路椎管扩大减压术治疗多节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症27例,其中男19例,女8例,年龄48岁～82岁,平均63.6岁.手术前后用日本矫形外科学会(JOA)评分判断神经功能:用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价颈肩痛程度.结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间为3个月～5年,平均18个月.术后JOA评分为13.3(10～17)分,较术前10.2(5～14)分有显著改善(t＝14.72,P＜0.01).术后症状优良率88.9％.仅2例出现C5神经根麻痹,为一过性.术后颈肩痛VAS评分平均为1.9(1～3)分,较术前5.2(4～6)分明显缓解(t＝14.25,P＜0.01).经后路椎管扩大减压术能使脊髓彻底减压,充分后移,避免C5神经根麻痹,是目前治疗该病的较好方法.     

展开模型和优势模型在职业兴趣测验中的比较研究

该研究调查了展开模型(GGUM)和优势模型(GRM)对职业兴趣测验反应数据的拟合情况,并对展开模型和优势模型两种测验编制方法在职业兴趣测验中进行了比较。结果发现:(1)展开模型的模型拟合情况和测量精度优于累积模型,两种模型对被试能力参数估计的差异主要体现在极端被试上,对兴趣水平极端高的被试,展开模型的估计值更精确;(2)采用展开模型编制的测验在信度上远远高于Likert方法编制的测验,中间区域题目的增加提高了测验的信度,但两种方法在测验的效标关联效度上没有差异。结果表明,在职业兴趣的测量上,展开模型更精确;在职业兴趣测验的编制上,GGUM和Likert法没有差异,反而Likert法具有简便、易懂的优势。     

记忆编码策略对心境一致性记忆的调节作用

情绪对记忆的影响会受记忆编码策略的调节。本研究通过2个实验探讨编码策略对心境一致性记忆的调节作用。实验1和实验2均采用2（编码策略：提取练习策略、重复学习策略）×2（词性：消极词、中性词）的实验设计,分别探讨了不同记忆编码策略对普通大学生（实验1）和非临床抑郁大学生（实验2）心境一致性记忆的影响。结果发现：无论是被成功诱导出抑郁情绪的普通大学生,还是非临床抑郁倾向大学生,使用重复学习策略时回忆出的消极词均显著多于中性词,表现出显著的心境一致性记忆,而使用提取练习策略时回忆出的消极词和中性词没有显著性差异,未表现出心境一致性记忆。实验结果表明,记忆编码策略对心境一致性记忆具有调节作用,提取练习策略能够抑制心境一致性记忆。研究结果指明了心境一致性记忆的边界条件,并对非临床抑郁个体的学习与记忆具有重要的启示。     

青少年留守经历对网络成瘾的影响:病理性互联网使用的认知行为模型视角

基于病理性互联网使用的认知行为模型,本研究考察青少年留守经历对网络成瘾的影响,并检验非适应性认知的中介作用和粗暴养育的调节作用。以525名中学生为被试,采用非适应性认知问卷、粗暴养育问卷和网络成瘾问卷进行测试,结果发现:(1)有留守经历的个体非适应性认知和网络成瘾的程度更高,而且非适应性认知越强,网络成瘾程度越高;(2)留守经历通过非适应性认知的中介作用影响网络成瘾;(3)留守经历对非适应性认知的影响受到粗暴养育的调节。具体而言,经历较多粗暴养育的青少年,留守经历会增加非适应性认知;但是对于经历较少粗暴养育的青少年,留守经历不会对非适应性认知产生影响。本研究的结果表明,青少年留守经历会增强非适应性认知,进而增加网络成瘾的倾向。但是,如果青少年家庭中粗暴养育程度较低,青少年留守经历对非适应性认知的影响就会消失。     

教师职业认同与情感承诺的关系：工作满意度的中介作用

基于社会认同理论,采用教师职业认同量表、工作满意度量表和情感承诺问卷对234名中学教师进行调查,考察教师职业认同与情感承诺的关系,以及工作满意度在这一关系中的中介作用。结果表明：（1）职业认同、工作满意度和情感承诺均呈显著正相关;（2）职业认同可以正向显著地直接预测情感承诺,同时又通过工作满意度的中介作用对情感承诺产生间接的预测作用。     

大学生自我监控与自我设限的关系

采用问卷法以在校大学生为研究对象,研究自我监控与自我设限的相关关系。提出理论假设,即大学生群体在社会交际过程中自我监控越高的人更可能倾向于采取自我设限的保护策略。结果显示,自我监控与自陈式自我设限存在显著相关,但是与行动式自我设限没有相关。这表明在大学生群体中,自我监控对自我设限存在一定的预测和干预作用。     

心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人一般自我概念量表全国常模的制定

旨在建立成年人一般自我概念量表的全国常模。依据全国第六次人口普查结果,按行政区域、性别、年龄、户籍地、受教育程度、职业类别等人口学特征分层抽样取得容量为6433的成年人样本。在该全国样本中再次验证了成年人一般自我概念量表具有良好的信效度指标。比较不同人口学特征的群体在一般自我概念水平上的差异,结果表明,男性自我概念积极性和调节性优于女性;青年组自我概念清晰性低于中老年组,但悦纳性高于中老年组;城市人口、受教育程度高、个人收入中等以上的被试群体自我概念总分及各维度分均更高,不同民族被试的自我概念无显著差异。在此基础上制定了相应的全国常模。     

Dysphoria and the prediction and experience of emotion

Depression and dysphoria have been characterised by dampened positive emotional experiences. However, it remains unclear whether dysphoria is also characterised by dampened expectancies about positive emotional experiences. In the present study, participants with (dysphoric group; n=36) and without (non-dysphoric group; n=36) dysphoria reported on their expected and actual emotional responses to winning and losing money in a computer task. Results showed the dysphoric group predicted and experienced less happiness and contentment after winning money than the non-dysphoric group. Results also showed the dysphoric group predicted and experienced as much negative emotion after losing money as the non-dysphoric group. Moreover, the dysphoric group predicted they would experience more happiness after winning money than they actually did, whereas the non-dysphoric group experienced as much happiness as they had predicted. Results suggest that disturbances in positive emotional responding are characteristic of people experiencing dysphoria.     

Syntactic priming in Chinese sentence comprehension: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Using the event-related potential (ERP) technique, this study examined the nature of syntactic priming effects in Chinese. Participants were required to read prime-target sentence pairs each embedding an ambiguous relative clause (RC) containing either the same verb or a synonymous verb. In Chinese, the word de serves as a relative clause marker. During reading a potential Chinese RC structure (either the prime or the target sentence), Chinese readers initially expect to read an Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) structure but the encounter of a relative clause marker de would make readers abandon the initial strategy and reanalyze the structure as a relative clause. A reduced P600 effect was elicited by the critical word de in the target sentence containing the same initial verb as in the prime sentence. No significant reduction of the P600 was observed in the target sentences in the synonymous condition. The results demonstrated that verb repetition but not similarity in meaning produced a syntactic priming effect in Chinese. The constraint-based lexicalist hypothesis and the argument structure theory were adopted to explain the syntactic priming effect obtained in the current study.     

Enhanced fatigue resistance of a nickel-based hastelloy induced by a surface nanocrystallization and hardening process

Improvements in the fatigue resistance of a nickel-based alloy have been achieved via a surface nanocrystallization and hardening (SNH) process. The enhanced fatigue resistance is related to the surface nanocrystallization, work hardening, and compressive residual stresses induced by the SNH process.