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931.
The central hypothesis of Semantic Network Model of Creativity is that creative people, who are exposed to more information that are both novel and useful, will have more interconnections between event schemas in their associations. The networks of event schemas in creative people’s minds were expected to be wider and denser than those in less creative people’s minds. Based on this theory, data from Chinese online social media, also known as “Weibo microblogging,” were analyzed. Each user’s score consisted of the metric of coverage, which represented the spread of the network, as well as the metric of density, which represented the interconnections among nodes in the network. The results showed that occupations had a significant effect on people’s creativity score. Academic scholars and writers in general had higher scores compared to other groups, such as entertainment celebrities and sport stars. The implications and limitations of this method of quantifying people’s creativity were discussed. 相似文献
932.
This article investigates how different sources of management support promote coworker helping behavior in organizations. We contend that senior management, managers responsible for Human Resource practices, and team leaders contribute to coworker assistance by encouraging employees to identify with the organization. Based on survey evidence drawn from nine Australian (N?=?1,349 employees) and six Chinese firms (N?=?828 employees), and using structural equation modeling, we show that organizational identification mediates the effects of perceived support from these three sources on coworker assistance. Differences in the strength of relationships between the variables are highlighted and discussed. 相似文献
933.
934.
Miao-Gen Chen Sen-Jiang Yu Zhi-Wei Jiao Ming-Zhou Yu Fu-Bing Bao 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(3):122-127
In this article, we report an atomic force microscopy study on the microstructure and the deposition-rate dependence of granular size distribution in copper (Cu) ramified aggregates on a liquid substrate. This study shows that the ramified Cu aggregates are composed of Gaussian size distribution granules, which form immediately after the Cu atoms are deposited. The interesting phenomenon is that the mean diameter Φm of the granules exponentially decays and approaches a stable value Φc with an increase in the deposition rate f. The granular mean diameter Φm slightly changes with the time interval Δt during which the film is kept in the vacuum chamber, owing to the large diffusion coefficient of the Cu granules on the liquid substrates. The experimental behavior strongly depends on the properties of the liquid substrate. 相似文献
935.
Characteristics of the interaction of Cu-rich precipitates with irradiation-produced defects in α-Fe
A. C. Arokiam A. V. Barashev D. J. Bacon Yu. N. Osetsky 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(9):491-501
The interaction between copper-rich precipitates in α-iron and either vacancies or self-interstitial atoms and their clusters is studied by atomic-scale modelling. Results are compared with predictions of elasticity theory and interpreted in terms of size misfit of precipitates and defects, and the modulus and cohesive energy differences between iron and copper. Interstitial defects are repelled by precipitates at large distance but, like vacancies, attracted at small distance. Hence, copper precipitates in iron can be sinks for both vacancy and interstitial defects, and can act as strong recombination centres under irradiation conditions. This leads to a tentative explanation for the mixed Cu–Fe structure of precipitates and the absence of precipitate growth under neutron irradiation conditions. More generally, both vacancy and interstitial defects may be strongly bound to precipitates with weaker cohesion than the matrix. 相似文献
936.
The stimulus order effect refers to the finding that recall in complex span tasks is better when span lists begin with a longer processing task and end with a shorter task than when these processing tasks are presented in the reverse order. This study independently manipulated processing time and processing difficulty between Long-final and Short-final lists. The processing task required participants to solve arithmetic problems with either verbal (Experiment 1) or visuospatial (Experiment 2) materials. The memory items used in the storage task were either digits (verbal material) or dots-in-matrices (visuospatial materials). Storage of both verbal and visuospatial materials was sensitive to the change in processing difficulty, but not processing time. Furthermore, this study provides further evidence for the asymmetry of domain interference in working memory. The similarities and differences between verbal and visuospatial storage in working memory are discussed. 相似文献
937.
Four studies were conducted to examine the relationship between future‐oriented coping and temporal discounting under different situational conditions. In Study 1, 138 participants were primed with either stressful or neutral stimuli, followed by a delay‐discounting task. In Study 2, 118 participants were primed with either stressful or neutral stimuli, followed by a task‐prioritization activity. The results of both studies indicated that future‐oriented coping had a significant negative association with temporal discounting or the number of rational choices in the neutral‐priming condition, but the relationship was not significant in the stress‐priming condition. In Study 3, qualitative data revealed that the major reason for shifting choices from larger but later payoffs to smaller but sooner rewards in a stressful condition was to reduce the stressful mood, create a positive mood, and promote a sense of accomplishment. This explanation was corroborated by Study 4, in which one group was allowed to choose an immediate payoff and the other group was blocked from choosing that immediate payoff. We confirmed that post‐test anxiety was significantly lower in the immediate payoff group compared with the delayed‐payoff group in proactive and preventive coping, using pre‐test anxiety as a covariate. Preventive coping helped to reduce anxiety levels in a stressful condition only when there was a choice to obtain an immediate payoff. These findings underscore the relationship between future‐oriented coping and temporal discounting, as well as the flexibility of discounting in the face of stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
938.
Miao-Gen Chen Yan-Qing Qiu Sen-Jiang Yu Yoshitaka Nakano 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2015,95(3):161-167
GaN luminescence, induced by ultraviolet light under/after inductively coupled plasma exposure, has been measured in situ and ex situ. After the plasma exposure, both near-band edge (NBE) and yellow luminescence (YL) intensities decrease. The decay times of NBE and YL in the in situ measurement are shorter than those of the ex situ measurement on account of the temperature rise induced by the plasma. On the other hand, with increasing plasma power, the decay times decrease. It is considered that this decrease is strongly related to non-radiative defects introduced by the Ar plasma. The results suggest that in situ photoluminescence monitoring can be used to reveal plasma-induced damage at GaN surfaces. 相似文献
939.
Yu‐Ri Kim 《Behavioral Interventions》2016,31(2):195-209
The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a sexual abuse prevention program for children with intellectual disabilities. Three children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities participated in the study. They were taught skills relative to identifying body parts and discrimination between appropriate and inappropriate situations, refusal skills (verbal refusing and leaving situations), and reporting skills through this program. A multiple probe across participants design was used to determine the effects of the program. Results demonstrated that the program was effective for teaching the skills to all three children with intellectual disabilities. In addition, these skills generalized in probes conducted in real‐life settings and maintained at 10‐week follow‐up probes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
940.
In this study, we investigated the effects of functional group counseling on inspiring low achievers' self-worth and self-efficacy in Taiwan. Forty-three 10th grade low-achieving students volunteered as the Experimental Group to join a 24-week intervention, which integrated and utilized functional group counseling; another 51 10th grade low-achieving students volunteered to be Comparison Group I. In addition, 43 10th grade moderate or high academic achieving students volunteered to be Comparison Group II. All participants completed the Vocational School Student Questionnaire at the beginning and end of this study to measure their self-worth and self-efficacy. In addition, six target students (two boys and four girls) with the lowest total scores on self-worth or self-efficacy in the pretest were selected from the Experimental Group to be interviewed at the end of the intervention and observed weekly. Analyses of variance, analyses of covariance, and paired t-tests assessed the similarity and differences among groups. The initial findings were as follows: Experimental group students had significantly higher scores on self-efficacy and self-worth than both Comparison Group I and Group II students and functional group counseling was shown to significantly affect the low-achieving students. Qualitative results from interviews and observations were used for triangulation and consolidation of quantitative results. Implications of the study included the recommended use of functional group counseling with low-achieving students. 相似文献