关于两种Angoff法比较的模拟实验研究

采用模拟实验法比较研究了两种Angoff法——概率法和对错法——设定分数线的准确性和稳定性,结果表明:(1)当真能力低于测验的平均难度时,概率法高估分数线,而对错法低估分数线;反之,当真能力高于测验平均难度时,概率法低估,而对错法高估;(2)当真能力接近测验平均难度时,概率法比对错法更准确;反之,当真能力远高于或低于测验平均难度时,对错法更准确;(3)无论在何种实验条件下,概率法均比对错法更稳定。     

The spirit of the school of principles in Zhu Xi’s discussion of “Dreams”—And on “Confucius did not Dream of Duke Zhou”

Dreams were a topic of study even in ancient times, and they are a special spiritual phenomenon. Generations of literati have defined the meaning of dreams in their own way, while Zhu Xi was perhaps the most outstanding one among them. He made profound explanations of dreams from aspects such as the relationship between dreams and the principles li and qi, the relationship between dreams and the state of the heart, and the relationship between dreams and an individual’s moral improvement. He summarized previous generations’ understanding of dreams and infused a new dimension from the School of Principles, pointing out a direction for individuals’ moral cultivation and spiritual pursuit. Zhu Xi also examined the opinions of Zhang Zai, Cheng Yi, Hu Hong and other thinkers on Confucius not dreaming of Duke Zhou in his later years, revealing differences between thinkers in the School of Principles. An analysis of Zhu Xi’s thoughts on dreams will provide deeper insight into the research on the School of Principles.     

大学生抑郁情绪和自我概念的相关研究

本研究使用抑郁自评量表和田纳西自我概念量表,对某大学近三百名大学生进行调查。结果发现30.7%以上的大学生有轻度抑郁;有抑郁情绪的大学生自我概念得分低于无抑郁情绪大学生且差异显著;抑郁情绪与自我概念部分因子存在着显著相关;有抑郁情绪大学生的自我概念在性别、年级、专业上存在显著的差异。这说明提高大学生的自我概念是避免产生抑郁情绪的良好途径。     

任务重要性对前瞻记忆的迁移恰当加工效应的影响

为考察任务重要性对前瞻记忆迁移恰当加工（Transfer-appropriate Processing,以下简称TAP）效应的影响,随机选取在校大学生48名,采用基于双重任务的实验研究范式,探究了任务重要性对前瞻记忆TAP效应的影响。研究结果表明：任务的重要性对前瞻记忆TAP效应有显著的影响。当进行中任务较重要时,TAP效应存在;而当前瞻记忆任务较重要时,TAP效应没有出现     

前瞻记忆的理论模型综述

前瞻记忆是相对于回溯记忆提出的一种特殊的长时记忆,是指记住在将来某个恰当的时间执行先前意向的行为。本文介绍了近年来研究者提出的前瞻记忆认知和提取机制的理论模型,并对其做了评述。最后,本文针对目前研究中的薄弱环节尝试性地提出了今后前瞻记忆研究进一步发展的方向。     

我国古代“天文泰斗”及伟大创举

我国是天文学发展最早的国家之一,作出了许多重大的创造性的贡献。几千年来积累了大量宝贵的天文资料,受到各国天文学家的关注。由于农业生产和制定历法的需要,我们的祖先很早开始观测天象,并用以定方位、定时间、定季节。在我国古代历史上涌现出众多的天文学家,他们的卓越成就彪炳史册。唐尧“羲和”:最早的历法官唐尧的传说中,羲和是掌管天文的家庭,有羲仲、羲叔、和仲、和叔四人,被尧派往东、南、西、北四方,去观测昏中星。《尚书·尧典》说“乃命羲和,钦若昊天,历象日月星辰,敬授人时”。山东古为东夷之域,莒县、诸城又处滨海之地,正是…     

爱因斯坦宗教观析评（一）

科学家与宗教的关系如何,一直是全社会尤其是宗教学界十分关注的问题,而20世纪最伟大的科学家之一——爱因斯坦对宗教的态度更是各方关注的焦点,成为各种论点持有者经常拿来论证自己看法的、认为是很有分量的重要论据。     

Sensitivity of passive approach during preference and reinforcer assessments for children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities and minimal movement

We evaluated the use of passive approach to assess preferences of two children, with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. Both children had physical challenges and exhibited minimal physical movement. We also compared the relative reinforcing effects of the identified high and low preference stimuli for a switch pressing response, and for a more passive looking response. High and low preference stimuli were identified for both children. Moreover, the high preference stimulus maintained higher rates of responding than the low preference stimulus for both children for the passive looking response, but not for switch pressing. The study extended the use of passive approach to assess preferences and identified the choice of target response as a potential limiting factor during reinforcer tests for these children. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“过分自信”的研究及其跨文化差异

“过分自信”是一种偏离校准,是指人们关于一般知识问题的概率判断通常以某种方式偏离校准,这种偏离都偏高。跨文化系列研究表明：面对常识和概率判断问题,集体主义文化成员（如中国人）比个体主义文化成员（如美国人）更过分自信。文章在简要回顾“过分自信”研究的基础上,对“过分自信”的跨文化差异及原因进行了比较详细地介绍,并对“过分自信”跨文化差异研究的进一步发展和实际应用进行讨论。冀对以往的研究做初步的归纳和总结,促进决策领域中跨文化比较方面的研究得到进一步发展     

学生班级集体效能、考试焦虑和学业成绩的SEM研究

使用结构方程模型,考察了学生班级集体效能、考试焦虑和学业成绩的关系。结果表明:1.重点学校学生班级考试焦虑极其显著低于一般学校。2.数学成绩和三科总分,高效能组均极其显著高于低效能组。3.在班级水平上,考试焦虑和集体效能、学业成绩均有负向关系,集体效能与学业成绩有正向关系,同时集体效能能够调节考试焦虑对学业成绩的影响。