怒族、傈僳族和景颇族儿童认知发展研究

采用《中小学生思维发展水平测验量表》,对怒族、傈僳族和景颇族三种少数民族390名儿童进行调查研究。结果发现：1．儿童认知发展的阶段性基本支持皮亚杰认知发展的阶段性理论,形式思维水平在13～16岁尚未形成稳定的认知结构;2．在发展的年龄上,儿童认知发展水平出现明显的“滞后”现象;3．儿童在初中一年级出现认知发展的加速期;4．三种少数民族儿童认知发展整体上不存在显著性的跨文化差异;5．认知发展在性别差异上主要体现在动作协调一空间定位能力上。     

视觉搜索中多目标追踪的研究

在视觉信息的选择加工过程中 ,只有很少信息能够通过注意系统得到进一步的认知加工 ,其中视觉搜索起着十分重要的作用。本研究基于动态视觉信息注意追踪的研究 ,采用 3× 2× 2的实验设计 ,从如下三方面对注意追踪的规律进行了探讨 :(1)分心物数量 (1,5和 9)的变化对多目标注意追踪的影响 ;(2 )目标的显著性 (特征变化和特征不变 )对多目标注意追踪的影响 ;(3)目标运动形式 (目标随机运动和目标运动形式不变 )对多目标注意追踪的影响。研究结果表明 :(1)分心物数量的增加对目标的注意识别没有抑制作用 ;(2 )特征变化目标的注意识别速度显著高于特征不变的目标 ;(3)运动形式不变的目标较运动形式变化目标的注意识别速度快。     

西方语言产生研究中的几个主要问题

文章对西方语言产生这一领域的研究传统与近年来的一些主要研究成果进行了一个小结,整个小结分4个部分:(1)语言产生的研究传统;(2)现代西方心理语言学研究的范式;(3)语言产生的加工阶段;(4)目前的主要理论模型及其争论。文章的主要目的是总结西方语言产生研究的进程、方法与理论争论,为汉语语言产生的研究提供借鉴。     

善的两种冲突

冲突一词在语言表达中其实有两个很不相同的意义和用法。一种用法是：冲突的命题不能同时为真的逻辑真理性冲突;另一种用法是：冲突的价值欲望不能同时满足的现实选择性冲突。本文对冲突的两种意义及用法进行了区别,分析了这两种冲突的意义和用法在道德善恶判断中的联系和混用,并对道德相对主义与道德多元主义提出了批评。     

Process dissociation as source monitoring

A 2-high-threshold model source-monitoring model (U. J. Bayen, K. Murnane, & E. Erdfelder, 1996) was applied to both source-monitoring and process-dissociation data collected varying source and distracter similarity. The model fit both sets of data using identical parameter values. The values of the detection parameter, D, and the source-discrimination parameter, d, varied in the manner expected. Also, neither the process-dissociation (L. L. Jacoby, 1991) nor the extended process-dissociation model (A. Buchner, E. Erdfelder, & B. Vaterrodt-Plünnecke, 1995) fit either type of data. The memory processes involved in recognition judgments are the same when using the process-dissociation or the source-monitoring procedure. The 4 cognitive processes in both procedures can be interpreted as item detection, source identification, recognition guessing, and source guessing. The potential role of unconscious memory influences via the 2 guessing processes is discussed.     

关于健康带菌者社会性格分类的实证研究

本文针对当前中国处于社会转型期的现状,提出了健康 者社会性格的概念,通过调研发现其维度由八个因素构成,分别的集体主义,独立性、依存性、支配性与安定感,获取了健康带菌者社会性格的分类及其特征,并分析与其健康、病态社会性格的关系。     

Behavioral and developmental consequences of early rearing experience for captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Mother-reared (MR) and peer-reared (PR) captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) cubs were compared to evaluate the effects of early removal from mother on behavioral development. Males and females and twins and singletons were compared to assess the effects of social setting on behavioral development. Subjects included 2 PR females, 3 MR females, 3 MR males, and 3 mothers. MR cubs spent more time manipulating bamboo and fell more often than PR cubs. PR cubs spent more time inactive. Male cubs directed more playful behavior at their mothers. Twins spent more time play fighting with their mothers than with their siblings. The results suggest that peer-rearing does not provide young pandas with the same level of social stimulation as mother-rearing.     

Factor structure of the strong interest inventory with a Chinese high school sample

D. S. Goh and J. Yu (2001) translated the Strong Interest Inventory (SII; L. W. Harmon, J-I. Hansen, F. H. Borgen, & A. L. Hammer, 1994) into Chinese and identified a 6-factor structure of the new instrument that showed both similarities and differences with J. L. Holland's personality types (1966, 1985, 1997). The present study was undertaken to further investigate the construct validity of the SII-Chinese for a sample of 247 high school students in China. Confirmatory factor analyses did not find a good fit of the Goh and Yu (2001) model or the Holland hexagonal model to the present data. Exploratory factor analysis extracted a 3-factor solution accounting for 59.2% of the variance. The authors offer interpretations of the obtained factors and discuss implications for the use of the SII-Chinese as an assessment tool.     

国有企业职工对改革的态度研究

本文在对山东省国有企业职工进行大规模抽样问卷调查的基础上,就国有企业职工对改革的态度问题进行了研究.研究由两部分组成.研究一采用自编"企业职工对改革的态度测评表",通过分层随机抽样的方法在山东全省抽取了3091名被试进行测试,通过所得测试数据,分析揭示了当前国有企业职工对改革态度的若干特征和影响因素,并初步分析了该测评表的结构.研究二采用验证性因素分析的方法对来自另一样本(N=347)的测评数据进行了分析,进一步验证了研究一所得出的"企业职工对改革态度"的测评结构模型,并采用路径分析的方法对职工态度影响因素的因果模型进行了初步探讨.     

Gray Matter Atrophy in the Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic Network and Sensorimotor Network in Relapsing–Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Neuropsychology Review - Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be associated with disability and cognitive impairment, but previous studies have sometimes had discordant...