词边界信息在句中的分布

用经过删除的语音歧义句作材料,研究了词边界信息在句中的分布。结果说明,在歧义句中歧义音节是最重要的切分线索;向歧义音节的前后过渡也对词切分有贡献;歧义音节和过渡以外的部分在一定条件下对切分有帮助。     

The effect of gap depth on the perception of whether a gap is crossable

Four experiments were performed in order to examine the effect of gap depth on human observers’ perception of whether or not a gap is crossable. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that as the gap’s depth increased, observers tended to increasingly underestimate the maximum width of a gap they could step across. Experiments 3 and 4 clarified this finding: The observed covariation of perceived gap crossability and gap depth depended on the observer’s direction of gaze, rather than on the physical depth of the gap. The optical relations to which observers might be attending are discussed, as well as the possibility that cognitive-affective processes might have contributed to observers’ underestimation of their actual capabilities.     

场依存性对边界扩展效应的影响

采用2×2混合设计,考察了场依存性及背景因素对边界扩展效应的影响。结果表明：场依存被试比场独立被试表现出更显著的边界扩展效应。与同类研究的结果不同,本研究发现被试在大背景条件下学习图片后也出现边界扩展效应。     

语句重音分布模式知觉

在排除语义和句法结构信息的情况下,用统计方法研究听者使用局部的韵律学线索知觉语句重音分布模式的能力;并根据知觉模式,讨论汉语中重音分类、词重音在语流中的变化以及重音在语句组织和语义表达中的作用等问题。     

An investigation of the validity of the SPSI and SPSI-R in differentiating high-suicidal from depressed,low-suicidal college students

The present study examined the validity of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory (SPSI) and SPSI—Revised in differentiating 65 high-suicidal from 63 depressed, low-suicidal college students. Results from multivariate analyses indicated overall differences in problem-solving between these two groups as measured by the SPSI but not by the SPSI-R. Further examination of these differences revealed the high-suicidal group was different in problem-solving orientation, rather than problem-solving skills, compared to the depressed, low-suicidal group. However, when depression was statistically controlled in hierarchical regression analyses, none of the problem-solving measures predicted group membership. The superiority of the SPSI to the SPSI-R in differentiating these two groups appears to be accounted for by the elimination of 28 items in the revised version, many of which measure orientation to problem-solving. Also explored was the possibility that objective measures of problem-solving provide a better prediction of adjustment than do self-report measures.     

Gender-role adoption and sex as academic and psychological risk factors

Five hundred and ten first-year junior high school students were administered a battery of psychological tests. On the basis of their scores from two gender-role adoption measures, three smaller groups were extracted within each biological sex: masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated individuals. Feminine students reported a greater amount of discomfort (vulnerability). A battery of tests administered toward the end of that school year revealed that females attained greater neuroticism and alienation scores than did their male peers. Possible explanations for this pubescent self-report of maladjustment are the more masculine orientation of the junior high school in comparison to the elementary school and the menarche.The authors wish to thank Ms. S. Chesterman, Regional Director of the Montreal Catholic School Commission, and Mr. K. Quinn, Principal of Sir Wilfred Laurier Junior High School, for granting us permission to disrupt school activities in order to test their students. We also wish to acknowledge the assistance of the following members of Sir Wilfred Laurier: Mr. O. Hruby, Vice-Principal; Sr. G. Larocque, Vice-Principal; Mr. S. Radeschi, key teacher; and members of the administrative and teaching staff.     

Prison pastoral care: The seer as a new paradigm

The purpose of this essay is twofold: to review two existing paradigms (the Priest and the Prophet) of pastoral care with prisoners; to propose a new paradigm (the Seer). The prison chaplain has been traditionally identified as a priest or a prophet. The change of pastoral setting from parish to prison is a drastic one that requires a paradigm shift. Incarceration is understood in terms of liminality which is a transitional period of a life re-ordering. To those in liminality, the Seer as a divine visionary of hope comes to reawaken a sense of God's presence and aims at renewing of covenant faith.This article is an edited version of an address presented by the author to the Chaplains of Tennessee Department of Corrections at their annual meeting in January 1990.     

内隐记忆的初步实验研究

本研究探讨在无意义字母串学习中内隐记忆的某些特点,并兼用信号检测论进行分析。实验按A、B两组材料系列中所含关键字母“SCT”的比例不同,分成六个组,每组11名,共66名被试。结果表明:1.各组差异明显,合“SCT”比例高的学习材料,启动效应明显,从而证明了存在着一个独立的内隐记忆过程;2.本实验新发现,内隐记忆过程中,心理状态波动甚微,情绪状态稳定,有别于外显记忆过程。     

辅音特征和声调识别中的耳优势

本文用双耳分听方法,用识别率和知党空间结构指数等指标,探讨左右耳在辅音特征和声调辨别上的优势问题。得到的主要结果是:(1)右耳辅音识别率高于左耳,声级对侧化效应有显著影响;(2)右耳辅音特征识别率高于左耳;(3)两耳的辅音知觉空间维度和维度的主次关系一致,辅音在知觉空间中的分布也无显著差异;(4)两耳声调识别率无差异,且声调知觉空间也极相似。     

中学生友人间执行“分享分担”规范的研究

本研究试图通过研究友人间执行的规范探析友人关系的社会心理学实质。本研究综合使用问卷法、故事投射法和现场实验等方法,围绕“分享分担”规范进行了(1)该规范的执行界域、角色差异与公平原则;(2)该规范与集体主义价值取向的关系;以及(3)社会评价情境对执行该规范的影响的探讨。其结果表明,(1)我国中学生友人间执行“分享分担”规范的界域分布在“利他亦利己”至“利他不利己”之间;友人间角色差异对“分享分担”行为产生影响;友人间的分配以“平均原则”为主导。(2)我国中学生友人对“分享分担”规范的执行与“集体主义价值取向”有着正相关,表现出文化的特征。(3)在社会评价情境下,被试的行为接近社会规范。这些结果从一个侧面说明了对友人关系社会心理学实质的解释须考虑价值取向这一变量,在集体主义取向的文化传统下,友人关系的实质不是互惠和交换,而是分享和整合。