Easy bayes estimation for rasch-type models

A Bayes estimation procedure is introduced that allows the nature and strength of prior beliefs to be easily specified and modal posterior estimates to be obtained as easily as maximum likelihood estimates. The procedure is based on constructing posterior distributions that are formally identical to likelihoods, but are based on sampled data as well as artificial data reflecting prior information. Improvements in performance of modal Bayes procedures relative to maximum likelihood estimation are illustrated for Rasch-type models. Improvements range from modest to dramatic, depending on the model and the number of items being considered.This research was supported by ORN Contact #00014-86-K0087. We wish to thank Sheng-Hui Chu and Dzung-Ji Lii for providing intelligent and energetic programming support for this article. We also thank one of the reviewers for pointing out several interesting and useful perspectives.     

项目反应理论中若干模型的比较

本研究运用蒙特卡罗模拟方法对项目反应理论中的逻辑斯谛、正态卵形、ARCTG、COS和 LINEAR模型进行了比较研究,其结果表明逻辑斯谛、正态卵形和ARCTG模型的参数估计精确度很接近,COS模型的参数估计精确度次之,而LINEAR模型对于项目区分度的估计精确度大大低于另外四个模型,对于项目难度和被试能力的估计精确度和其它模型较接近。     

PLZT式立体应用电视与机械手的操作

本文比较了三种观察条件(直接观察、二维与三维电视)对机械手操作的影响,目的是通过机械手操作速度和准确性来评价PLZT式三维电视。三维电视是采用PLZT立体观察器的SGJ-Ⅳ型国产设备。机械手是法国MA-11型模拟机械手,经过筛选的六名被试者参加了实验。结果表明,直接观察的效果优于通过电视观察的效果。PLZT式三维电视优于二维电视。本文并讨论了PLZT式三维电视作为机械手的观察系统的可能性。     

学习不良儿童的家庭资源对其认知发展、学习动机的影响

运用认知测验法和问卷法,综合考察了１６７中学习不良儿童和１６１名一般儿童的家庭 资料对认知发展、学习以机的影响。表明：学习不良儿童的家庭资源、学习动机和认知发展之间存在着因果关系,家族资源通过两种途径对认知发展发生作用,一是通过影响学习动机促进信知发展二是直接对认知发展发生作用。     

文章结构分析训练对阅读理解水平影响的实验研究

本研究探讨文章结构分析训练对阅读理解水平的影响,实验发现：（１）在文章结构分析中渗透精加工组织策略训练有助于提高学生阅读理解能力,差生进步更大;（２）训练总体上能提高学生对文章结构的敏感性和对文章信息的保持与回忆;（３）初一学生阅读水平的差异未反映到其对文章结构的敏感性和文章信息的回忆保持上。     

学习不良儿童社会性发展与家庭资源因果关系的研究

对普通学校2308名儿童中选取的211名学习不良儿童综合运用问卷测量和访谈等方法的结果表明,学习不良儿童社会性发展诸方面与家庭资源存在着相互作用。家庭资源影响学习不良儿童的社会性发展,家庭资源中的家庭心理环境、父母教养方式与学习不良儿童社会性发展诸方面具有一定的因果联系。对于学习不良儿童的教育矫正,家庭是一个不可忽视的重要因素。     

中国正常男青年的深度视觉阈值的测定Ⅰ

本文用电动深度视觉阈限测定仪以调整法测定中国正常男青年的深度视觉阈值。这些被试者均通过了必要的眼科检查。1159名正常男青年对静态目标的深度视觉阈值是2.59弧秒(标准差为1.79弧秒),分布范围为0.45弧秒～5.45弧秒。根据实验结果指出立体视不佳者的深度视觉阈值较大,因而在选拔体视测手时应有立体视的检查。     

A preliminary study of an online pain management programme for patients with ankylosing spondylitis

This study was a preliminary attempt to develop and examine an online pain management programme incorporating mindfulness‐informed exercises (i.e. breathing and body scanning exercises) and CBT elements for ankylosing spondylitis patients. Thirty patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis participated in a five‐week online pain management programme, which was delivered primarily through a website. The materials covered by the website included breathing and body scanning exercises, mindful walking exercise, positive thinking and management of dysfunctional thinking. Each participant received instructions and reminders from a counselling psychologist through electronic communications each week. They completed the Brief Pain Inventory, Ryff's Psychological Well‐being Scale, Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale‐Revised before and after the treatment programme. In addition, four face‐to‐face focus groups were conducted to yield supplementary qualitative findings. The overall results indicate that this online pain management programme can improve sleep quality and reduce pain interference and catastrophic responses to pain in ankylosing spondylitis patients, albeit being not very effective for mitigating the intensity of pain. Moreover, male and female patients can benefit equally from the online programme. Findings from the focus groups revealed some challenges faced by local patients when practising mindfulness‐informed exercises. Some solutions to those challenges were put forward in accordance with patients’ feedback.     

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Distress Thermometer for Screening Distress in Asian Patients with Cancer

Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - The distress thermometer (DT) is a commonly used tool for screening distress in Asian patients with cancer. However, the optimal cut-off score...