Modeling Female Social Aggression: Predictors from Multiple Developmental Contexts

A diverse array of proposed antecedents of social aggression (SA) were examined in two studies. This work is informed by ecological systems theory and examined predictors from the micro- and mesosystems. In Study 1, women (n?=?284). completed measures of aggression, digit ratio, emotional intelligence (EI), agreeableness, parenting styles, attachment insecurity with parents and peers, and television (TV) consumption. Aggression correlated with EI, agreeableness, parental authoritarianism, attachment insecurity with fathers and peers, and TV consumption; these variables accounted for 22% of the variance in SA. Father attachment insecurity moderated the TV-SA association, suggesting that positive experiences with parents can buffer negative effects of TV consumption. Study 2 aimed to increase the predictive power of the model. Females (n?=?115) completed measures of aggression, digit ratio, EI, agreeableness, parental authoritarianism, interparental conflict, dominance goals, popularity goals, physical appearance comparison, and TV consumption. Aggression correlated with EI, agreeableness, interparental conflict, dominance goals, popularity goals, and appearance comparison. Together, these variables accounted for 40% of the variance in SA; agreeableness, dominance goals, and popularity goals were significant predictors. Interparental conflict moderated the TV-SA association, again suggesting that positive experiences with parents can cushion effects of TV consumption. Implications for development of SA are discussed.     

Postural and Locomotor Contributions to Affordance Perception

The authors sought to evaluate the relative importance of locomotor control and postural control in the perception of affordances. While seated in a stationary wheelchair, participants made a series of judgments about the minimum lintel height under which they could roll in the wheelchair. Prior to making judgments, participants were given brief (～2 min) experience with wheelchair locomotion. They expected that this practice would influence the accuracy of subsequent affordance judgments. During practice, participants moved under their own power (using their hands on the wheels) or with an experimenter pushing the wheelchair. Also during wheelchair locomotion the participant's head was restrained, or was not. Results revealed that head restraint during the practice session had no effect on the accuracy of subsequent judgments. By contrast, the judgments of participants who controlled locomotion during practice were significantly more accurate than the judgments of participants who had not controlled their locomotion during practice.     

Cognitive tools shape thought: diagrams in design

Thinking often entails interacting with cognitive tools. In many cases, notably design, the predominant tool is the page. The page allows externalizing, organizing, and reorganizing thought. Yet, the page has its own properties that by expressing thought affect it: path, proximity, place, and permanence. The effects of these properties were evident in designs of information systems created by students Paths were interpreted as routes through components. Proximity was used to group subsystems. Horizontal position on the page was used to express temporal sequence and vertical position to reflect real-world spatial position. The permanence of designs on the page guided but also constrained generation of alternative designs. Cognitive tools both reflect and affect thought.     

行为决策中的比率偏差

比率偏差是指小概率事件以不同比率形式呈现时,人们倾向于认为以较小数字呈现的事件更不可能发生.这种现象在医疗卫生领域和职业生涯决策中有重要的应用价值.目前关于比率偏差产生的解释主要包括标准理论与认知经验自我理论.比率偏差的影响因素主要包括元认知技能、计算能力、认知视角和任务性质等.未来的研究需要从比率偏差现象的产生、心理机制及应用方面进行深入研究.     

察布查尔锡伯族宗教信仰状况调查——锡伯族的萨满教信仰及其他

察布查尔锡伯族历史上有信仰多种宗教的传统，19世纪末20世纪初首先关注此领域的是俄国学者．上世纪八十年代以来我国的一些学者亦投身此项研究。作者在参阅相关文献和实地调查的基础上．提出察县现代萨满教实质上是祖先崇拜，锡伯族萨满教中的“相通”实为北方民间信仰——“四大门”的“香头”等观点，希望与相关学者探讨。     

166例冠心病患者活动平板试验中室性心律失常的分析

探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度与室性心律失常的关系,用Mar-quette Case16型活动平板系统测试,采用改良的Bruce方案.结果显示,偶发室早在单支狭窄和多支狭窄中无明显差异,恶性室性心律失常发生率在多支狭窄中较单支狭窄明显增高.冠心病患者出现的恶性室性心律失常提示病变严重或预后较差.     

成语具体性效应的眼动研究

分别采用命名任务和眼动技术进行了两项实验,考察成语是否存在具体性效应.实验为2(具体性:具体成语、抽象成语)×2(成语频率:高频、低频)的完全被试内设计.实验一的32名大学生被试的反应时数据显示,四字成语存在具体性效应,频率和具体性之间存在交互作用；实验二将成语放在句中进行自然阅读,并使用Eyelink-Ⅱ型眼动仪对被试的眼动数据进行采集.23名大学生被试的数据结果显示,具体性效应依然存在,且只出现在低频成语中.具体性效应发生在加工的早期和晚期阶段,成语的字面意义参与加工.     

从《太平经》看早期道教的孝道思想

孝道思想是道教的重要内容,其产生时间较早,并受到道教产生前背景观念的影响。道教早期文献《太平经》具有大量道教孝道思想的表达,并且具有代表性。本文通过对早期道教孝道思想产生的背景和对《太平经》文本的分析,得出道教早期孝道思想两重意蕴,即世俗层面和神圣层面,并指出道教孝道思想的最终落脚点在效法天地、顺其自然。     

道教内丹诗歌的美学鉴赏

内丹诗是描写道教内丹修炼过程和内丹体验的诗歌,作为一种宗教诗歌,它虽然承载着丰富的宗教内容,但决不只是表现宗教内容的符号,同时也具有诗歌自身独特的审美价值.