PLZT式立体应用电视与机械手的操作

本文比较了三种观察条件(直接观察、二维与三维电视)对机械手操作的影响,目的是通过机械手操作速度和准确性来评价PLZT式三维电视。三维电视是采用PLZT立体观察器的SGJ-Ⅳ型国产设备。机械手是法国MA-11型模拟机械手,经过筛选的六名被试者参加了实验。结果表明,直接观察的效果优于通过电视观察的效果。PLZT式三维电视优于二维电视。本文并讨论了PLZT式三维电视作为机械手的观察系统的可能性。     

论高师公共心理学课堂教改的四条基本原则

高师公共心理学是为了实现高师培养合格中学教师的目标而开设的一门重要的教育专业课程。当前这门课程的教学改革已引起广泛的关注。本文从理论与实践相结合的角度,提出高师公共心理学课堂教学改革的以下四条基本原则。     

中国正常男青年的深度视觉阈值的测定Ⅰ

本文用电动深度视觉阈限测定仪以调整法测定中国正常男青年的深度视觉阈值。这些被试者均通过了必要的眼科检查。1159名正常男青年对静态目标的深度视觉阈值是2.59弧秒(标准差为1.79弧秒),分布范围为0.45弧秒～5.45弧秒。根据实验结果指出立体视不佳者的深度视觉阈值较大,因而在选拔体视测手时应有立体视的检查。     

Applications of multivariate visualization to behavioral sciences

The complexity of psychological science often requires the collection and analysis of multidimensional data. Such data bring about a corresponding cognitive load that has led scientists to develop techniques of scientific visualization to ease the burden. This paper provides an introduction to scientific visualization techniques, a framework for understanding those techniques, and an assessment of the suitability of this approach for psychology. The framework employed builds on the notion of balancingnoise andsmooth in statistical analysis.     

斯腾伯格（R．J．Sternberg）智力成分理论述评

成分是斯腾伯格提出的分析智力操作的基本单元。成分分析是对智力行为心理机制的描述。但成分理论不能独立地说明智力,它隶属于斯氏三重智力理论的总体框架。论文分析了成分的性质、种类及其相互作用,并对个体和年龄差异在各种成分功能上的表现作出解释。成分理论的提出是对人脑黑箱软件意义上的工作原理的可贵探索。但它在可证伪性方面是有缺陷的。     

Cross-cultural Variation in the Importance of Psychological Characteristics: A Seven-country Study

The Psychological Importance (PI) of personality traits is defined as the degree to which they provide information useful in understanding and predicting behaviour. University students from 7 countries (Chile, China, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, and the United States) rated the PI of each of the 300 items of the Adjective Check List along a 5-point scale. PI was shown to be a meaningful (i.e. reliable) concept in each country. Comparisons of PI ratings between pairs of countries indicated correlations ranging from 0.23 to 0.73, with a mean of 0.49 among the 7 countries. A variety of additional analyses indicated that six of the seven countries tended to group themselves into two clusters: (1) China, Nigeria, and Pakistan; and (2) Chile, Norway, and the United States. In the second cluster, trait importance had a curvilinear relationship to trait favourability (i.e. both good and bad traits may be important) whereas in the first cluster trait importance and favourability had a linear relationship (i.e. only good traits may be important). The findings were suggestive of substantial cross-cultural differences in the importance assigned to psychological traits.     

文章结构分析训练对阅读理解水平影响的实验研究

本研究探讨文章结构分析训练对阅读理解水平的影响,实验发现：（１）在文章结构分析中渗透精加工组织策略训练有助于提高学生阅读理解能力,差生进步更大;（２）训练总体上能提高学生对文章结构的敏感性和对文章信息的保持与回忆;（３）初一学生阅读水平的差异未反映到其对文章结构的敏感性和文章信息的回忆保持上。     

学习不良儿童的家庭资源对其认知发展、学习动机的影响

运用认知测验法和问卷法,综合考察了１６７中学习不良儿童和１６１名一般儿童的家庭 资料对认知发展、学习以机的影响。表明：学习不良儿童的家庭资源、学习动机和认知发展之间存在着因果关系,家族资源通过两种途径对认知发展发生作用,一是通过影响学习动机促进信知发展二是直接对认知发展发生作用。     

Flexible Computerized Adaptive Tests to Detect Misconceptions and Estimate Ability Simultaneously

The Scaling Individuals and Classifying Misconceptions (SICM) model is an advanced psychometric model that can provide feedback to examinees’ misconceptions and a general ability simultaneously. These two types of feedback are represented by a discrete and a continuous latent variable, respectively, in the SICM model. The complex structure of the SICM model brings difficulties in estimating both misconception profile and ability efficiently in a linear test. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes a flexible computerized adaptive test (FCAT) design as a new test delivery method to increase test efficiency by administering an individualized test to examinees. We propose three item selection methods and two transition criteria to determine adaptive steps based on the needs of estimating one or two latent variables. Through two simulation studies, we demonstrate how to select an appropriate item selection method for an adaptive step and what transition criterion should be used between two adaptive steps. Results reveal the combination of the item selection method and the transition criterion could improve the estimation accuracy of a specific latent variable to a different extent and thus provide further guidance in designing an FCAT.