上海城隍庙着力打造学习型、文化型庙观

六年前,上海城隍庙组织全体教职人员参加了华东师范大学宗教班的学习。经过这几年国民学历教育大专阶段和本科阶段的修学,其中部分教职人员已经或将于年内本科毕业。面对这样的好形势,庙管会拓展思路,创新学习机制,以文化学习为基础,全面提高教职人员     

开创替代宗教的世俗人文主义之路

有两个问题常常被人们提及。第一个是为什么宗教可以持续至今?第二个是我们是否可以创造出世俗人文的替代品。对于为什么宗教可以一直延续这个问题,众说纷纭。     

对体操运动员自我时机控制能力某些因素的探讨

在跳台上,用自制“全圆弹性跳台开关”和记时器对国家体操少年优秀选手17人和儿童体操初学者20人的复制跳跃腾时的准确性、左右转体的均称性、复制腾时的迁移与干扰、运动节奏、快转90°和慢转90°的腾时时距和角度误差进行测定,根据公式: 慢转体腾时-快转体腾时(即时距)×(1-角误均数/100)=时空指数,求得每位被试的“时空指数”。以探讨体操运动员自我时机控制能力的某些因素中,哪些是潜在的,哪些是习得的,二者又如何协同发展。明确它,以便帮助运动员养成与发展自我时机控制能力问题。     

Consistency,mechanicalness, and the logic of the mind

G. Priest's anti-consistency argument (Priest 1979, 1984, 1987) and J. R. Lucas's anti-mechanist argument (Lucas 1961, 1968, 1970, 1984) both appeal to Gödel incompleteness. By way of refuting them, this paper defends the thesis of quartet compatibility, viz., that the logic of the mind can simultaneously be Gödel incomplete, consistent, mechanical, and recursion complete (capable of all means of recursion). A representational approach is pursued, which owes its origin to works by, among others, J. Myhill (1964), P. Benacerraf (1967), J. Webb (1980, 1983) and M. Arbib (1987). It is shown that the fallacy shared by the two arguments under discussion lies in misidentifying two systems, the one for which the Gödel sentence is constructable and to be proved, and the other in which the Gödel sentence in question is indeed provable. It follows that the logic of the mind can surpass its own Gödelian limitation not by being inconsistent or non-mechanistic, but by being capable of representing stronger systems in itself; and so can a proper machine. The concepts of representational provability, representational maximality, formal system capacity, etc., are discussed.     

立体视觉的心理物理和VEP比较研究

心理物理试验是研究立体视觉的主要方法。70年代VEP开始用于体视研究,并取得许多结果。由于VEP信号复杂,这些结果不能令人满意。本文使用心理物理试验和VEP对比方法对体视加以研究。我们的结果是:VEP波形中第一个正峰与刺激图形的亮度有关;N_2峰和P_3峰的潜伏期对判断体视存在与否有重要价值;本试验确定N_2峰潜伏期在体视存在时约为240ms—280ms,无体视存在时约为290ms—310ms;P_3峰潜伏期在体视存在时约为280ms—310ms,无体视存在时约为340ms—360ms;体视存在时的VEP与无体视存在时的VEP的互相关系数小于0.1;有体视的VEP其功率谱密度在8Hz附近有一峰;心理物理试验中使用强制选择得到的结果从VEP波形比较中可以确认是可靠的;有体视的VEP其N_2和P_3的潜伏期随视差变化呈现规律性改变。     

Sex role orientations,attributions for achievement,and personal goals of Chinese youth

The role of women in the People's Republic of China has changed dramatically in the last 40 years. This study assesses what impact these changes have had on the attitudes of Chinese youth. The sample consisted of 164 subjects (77 men and 87 women) who completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Objective Fear of Success Measure, a locus of control scale, and a personal goals questionnaire. They also evaluated a painting attributed to artists of different gender and status. The results indicate that the sex role orientations of Chinese students were similar to those of American students. On the Bem inventory, the direction of the sex differences on the sex role scales was the same for U.S. and Chinese students, but the latter had a sex role orientation that, in our culture, is regarded as more “traditional.” Chinese women were significantly more likely to endorse statements expressing fear of success than were Chinese men. On the locus of control measures, Chinese women were more likely than men to attribute their achievement successes to luck and failures to a lack of ability. The women students also attributed affiliation outcomes more to luck than did the men. The most important personal goal cited by both men and women was that of career success. Chinese men placed greater importance than women on achieving wealth, and their expectancy of actually becoming wealthy was higher. Finally, in an evaluation of a painting, Chinese men, but not the women, devalued a painting when it was supposedly the work of a female student artist.     

关联负变化(CNV)与反应时的关系

本实验采用选择性叠加方法,研究了关联负变化(Contingent NegativVariation以下简称CNV)与反应时的关系。证明:最长、最短反应时差异显著时,相对应的CNV面积差异也显著。CNV的这种差异主要表现在CNV面积的后半部分。对形成这种现象的原因作了讨论。     

非言语沟通的视觉信息在电视教学中的作用

本研究用社会心理学关于非言语沟通的观点分析电视教学,认为剥夺有关教师非言语沟通的视觉信息可能是影响电视教学质量的一个原因。通过模拟电视教学的实验验证这一假设。在三种条件下对被试进行同样内容的教学:条件Ⅰ为传统课堂教学;条件Ⅱ为呈现教师形象的电视教学;条件Ⅲ为无教师形象只呈现板书图示的电视教学。课后进行所学知识的测验和态度问卷。结果表明,在电视教学中增加有关教师非言语沟通的视觉信息对学习者知识的掌握及对教师、教学内容和教学形式的态度有积极作用。将剥夺互动中非言语沟通的视觉信息的消极影响命名为“屏风效应”。对提高电视教学质量提出了新的建议。     

γ-线对大白鼠学习能力的影响

本文是以大白鼠在三等分迷宫仪中学习防御性条件反应的方法,观察800拉特γ-线对大白鼠学习能力的影响。实验结果表明,大白鼠的学习能力是下降的,其表现为每天学习的正确率低,达到学会标准所需学习次数增加;反应运动时延长;主动躲避反应的出现率降低。 根据受照动物的特点,我们认为:作为判断学习和记忆能力的指标,反应运动时比正确率更好一点。     

大学班集体人际关系的心理学研究

本研究综合运用调查访问、社会测量法和观察法对大学文科和理工科一、二、四年级的21个班的人际关系作了考察。结果表明,1)大学班集体非正式的内部结构有一定的特点,2)班集体中的两极人物有明显的个性特质,3)大学生择友的基本要求是品德和心理相似性,4)大学生对班集体领导人的心理品质有一定的基本要求,5)大学生的自我观念与他们的人际关系有着密切的联系。