条件反射性抗体反应增强的动态分析——以OVA为非条件刺激物

研究了条件反射性抗体反应增强模型的建立。被试为49只雄性成年Wistar大鼠,采用糖精水作为条件性刺激,一种蛋白抗原卵清蛋白作为非条件性刺激配对给予大鼠,两者结合后,在初次抗体应答下降阶段再次单独给予条件刺激,用酶联免疫吸附法分时段检测抗体水平的变化。发现条件组在条件刺激后15,20,25天左右抗体水平明显高于对照组。这一过程与初次抗体应答的规律类似。这些结果证实经一次条件训练,单独给予条件刺激能诱导出明显的条件反射性抗体反应增高。     

全国高等院校医学人文教育现状与对策研究

为全面了解全国高等院校医学人文教育现状,采取问卷调查的方式对来自全国48所高等院校的18 326名在校学生进行调查。调查得出学生对本校医学人文课程设置、自身学习效果和校园医学人文氛围整体状况较为满意。但也存在课程内容不全面、教学方法单一、缺少实践教学平台等问题。由此得出结论：高等院校医学人文教育的任务需要明确,医学人文课程体系需要完善,医学人文课程教学方式需要优化,医学人文教育评价需要多元化,医学人文教师队伍需要强化,医学人文教育平台需要巩固拓展。

     

“本己”抑或“他性”？——海德格尔与列维纳斯死亡观比较分析

海德格尔与列维纳斯都“直面”死亡问题,并对死亡的本性、自我与死亡的关系以及他人之死与自我的关系等问题做出充分回应。海德格尔认为死亡是始终“悬临”于此在生存之中的向终结存在的方式,死亡构成了此在最为本己的整体能在,并展现为主体“我-能”的意向性结构。列维纳斯却要打破生存论上的死亡“悬临”,消解主体的“我-能”,并将“向来属我”的死亡孤独转换为伦理学上“异质属他”的死亡责任,由此,死亡不再是此在为自身存在负责的方式而是为“他者”担负责任的伦理要求。

     

患者决策能力与风险相关标准

患者决策能力对于患者享有临床知情同意权具有重要意义。风险相关标准主张决策所需的能力水平应该根据决策的结果来调整,单一的决策能力标准是不够的。决策结果带来的风险越大,能力水平要求越高,反之则可以要求较低的能力水平。该主张的伦理本质是不合理家长主义,并且,它意味着对同一决策任务,个体可能只有同意的能力而没有拒绝的能力,因而在经验上也站不住脚。患者决策能力标准仅应根据决策本身的复杂性和难易程度视该决策特性来决定,而独立于患者实际决策结果。     

试论孟子与士人精神

作为中国“轴心时代”的重要思想家,孟子希望以道德化政治,实现天下有道。他提出士人修养的“浩然之气”,在士人与君主的关系上主张“道高于君”,而对于广大普通民众则倡导“使先知觉后知,使先觉觉后觉”。在此基础上,孟子推出了四种士人典范。而在孟子这些思想中,一以贯之的乃是对德性的张扬,在“尊德性”与“道问学”之间,他明显偏重于前者,这是孟子关于士人精神的特色所在。在孟子的精神世界里,我们可以看到的更多的是一种道德信仰和勇气。正是从这个意义上讲,孟子是一位信仰道德的“宗教家”,而不是一位代表智性的“学问家”。     

Just Annexation

Fabre defends a human rights‐focused cosmopolitan theory of peace. One would expect that, given this view, she would be in favour of human rights‐promoting annexations by liberal states. However, she distances herself from this view, adopting the common‐sense view that annexing states ‘act ultra vires’. I argue that her core cosmopolitan view motivates a different and, in principle, much more positive view of four types of annexations. In the course of defending this view, I take a critical look at her appeal to perverse moral incentives and the notion of a cosmopolitan ethos.     

Investigating the Role of Goal Orientation in Job Seekers’ Experience of Value Congruence

There is still limited understanding of how goal orientations influence the association between value congruence (VC) and organisational attraction for job seekers. We address this issue by investigating the impact of individuals’ goal orientations on the VC–attraction relationship. Our investigation using different measurement approaches to congruence across two studies also allowed us to examine the implications of different methods to operationalising VC in job search contexts. Two prominent types of goal orientation in job search—learning-approach goal orientation (LAGO) and performance-avoid goal orientation (PAGO)—were hypothesised to moderate the relationship between VC and organisational attraction. In study 1, value congruence based on direct molar perceptions displayed a stronger positive relationship with attraction among low LAGO individuals. Study 2, using separate atomistic judgments of person and organisational values, also demonstrated that LAGO moderates the effects of VC on attraction. However, the form of moderation effects varied across different types of work values (i.e., relationships and security). These findings demonstrate the need to contextualise the study of job seekers’ VC within a goal-striving context, where different ways of operationalising VC can also shed more light on the psychological processes underlying judgments of congruence.