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81.
82.
Effects of Performance Criteria during Reading Instruction on Generalized Oral Reading Fluency
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Although there is some evidence that setting performance criteria may improve oral reading fluency interventions, little is known about the generalized effects of these criteria. The present study trained two third‐grade students to three different fluency levels on instructional passages and assessed generalized performance in corresponding high word‐overlap passages within an alternating treatments design. Results indicated no discernable differences across experimental conditions. Follow‐up analyses revealed that generalized gains per trial were actually larger in lower criterion conditions, suggesting that performance criteria may not be as helpful as previously thought. The results are discussed in terms of the need to empirically investigate the number of instructional trials necessary to maximize instructional efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
83.
A familicide is a multiple-victim homicide incident in which the killer's spouse and one or more children are slain. National archives of Canadian and British homicides, containing 109 familicide incidents, permit some elucidation of the characteristic and epidemiology of this crime. Familicides were almost exclusively perpetrated by men, unlike other spouse-killings and other filicides. Half the familicidal men killed themselves as well, a much higher rate of suicide than among other uxoricidal or filicidal men. De facto unions were overrepresented, compared to their prevalence in the populations-at-large, but to a much lesser extent in familicides than in other uxoricides. Stepchildren were overrepresented as familicide victims, compared to their numbers in the populations-at-large, but to a much lesser extent than in other filicides; unlike killers of their genetic offspring, men who killed their stepchildren were rarely suicidal. An initial binary categorization of familicides as accusatory versus despondent is tentatively proposed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
84.
Use of Brief Instructional Trials to Identify Small Group Reading Strategies: A Two Experiment Study 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Merilee McCurdy Edward Daly Valerie Gortmaker Christine Bonfiglio Michael Persampieri 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(1):7-26
The Instructional Hierarchy (IH) has proven useful for understanding the functional properties of empirically valid instructional
strategies. Investigators have relied heavily on the IH as a heuristic in conceptualizing instructional components used in
brief experimental analyses. To date, only one investigation has applied brief experimental analysis results to small group
reading interventions. The purpose of this paper is to describe two studies which used single session instructional trials
to identify interventions that were subsequently applied to small group reading instruction. In both studies, individualized
instructional trials that probed for skill and performance deficits were carried out and results suggested that all students
benefited from the instructional intervention. Next, the intervention was implemented in a small group format. In Experiment
2, however, validation of the instructional package was carried out by the classroom teacher who delivered the instructional
package to the small group. In both cases, extended experimental analyses suggested that the intervention was effective at
improving all participants’ generalized reading fluency. Results of both studies are discussed in terms of how future studies
can refine procedures for validating instructional and motivational components before classroom applications. 相似文献
85.
Patrick R. Daly 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(2):147-160
This paper represents a preliminary investigation relating Bernard Lonergan’s thought to health science and the healing arts.
First, I provide background for basic elements of Lonergan’s theoretical terminology that I employ. As inquiry is the engine
of Lonergan’s method, next I specify two questions that underlie medical insights and define several terms, including health,
disease, and illness, in relation to these questions. Then I expand the frame of reference to include all disciplines involved
in the cycle of clinical interaction under the heading health science and the healing arts. Finally, I analyze the cycle of
clinical interaction in terms of Lonergan’s cognitive theory. I compare and contrast my analysis, based on Lonergan, with
that of Pellegrino, Thomasma and Sulmasy as I proceed. In closing, I comment briefly on the next stage of this project regarding
Lonergan’s theory of the human good in relation to the practice of the healing arts.
相似文献
Patrick R. DalyEmail: |
86.
We defend Joseph Melia's thesis that the role of mathematics in scientific theory is to 'index' quantities, and that even if mathematics is indispensable to scientific explanations of concrete phenomena, it does not explain any of those phenomena. This thesis is defended against objections by Mark Colyvan and Alan Baker. 相似文献
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Chris Daly 《Pacific Philosophical Quarterly》1998,79(3):196-217
This paper concerns an issue in the metaphysics of properties. The issue is: what are physical properties? What distinguishes physical properties from all other properties? My conclusions will be ‘downbeat’. I will argue that some major recent approaches to this issue prove unsatisfactory, and that the issue is much more intractable than has widely been supposed. The moral I draw is that there is no principled and well-defined distinction between physical properties and all other properties, and accordingly certain programmes in metaphysics should be abandoned because they mistakenly assume that there is such a distinction. 相似文献
90.
Firefighters are exposed to a range of potentially traumatic stressors, yet studies examining the impact of this exposure are equivocal. Although some studies suggest increased risk for mental health problems, others suggest unusual resilience. Type of assessment methodology may contribute to the lack of consistent findings. We assessed 142 trauma-exposed, professional firefighters utilizing a standardized clinical interview and self-report measures and found low rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses (4.2%), and depressive, anxiety, and alcohol-abuse symptoms. Frequency of trauma exposure did not predict psychological symptoms. Perceived social support, occupational stress, coping, as well as the interaction between perceived social support and self-blame were significant predictors of symptoms. Firefighters reporting low-perceived social support and high self-blame demonstrated the highest levels of clinically significant symptoms. These findings may inform education, treatment, and resilience training for emergency personnel. 相似文献