六个月至三岁儿童用左右手抓物的实验研究

对300名6个月至3岁的儿童进行了抓物的实验。发现1岁以内儿童的左、右手率在50％上下,随年龄增长,右手率逐渐增加:1—1(1/2)岁为69.4％,1(1/2)—2岁为71.3％,2—2(1/2)岁为76.9％,2(1/2)—3岁为81.5％。男、女存在差异,男孩右手率较女孩高。实验中出现双手抓物现象,但1岁半后此现象迅速减少。父母双方或一方为左利者,其孩子的左手率比那些父母为右利者高。此外,孩子抓物时对不同颜色物品和玩具则呈现选择性倾向。     

宣传科学无神论的好教材--读《科学无神论》(大中小学系列读本)有感

拿到《科学无神论》(大中小学系列读本) 后,一口气将其中的小学生、中学生读本读完,然 后把小学生读本拿给上小学四年级的儿子,看到他 也深深的被书中的章节所吸引。我相信这是一套适 合孩子们阅读的、宣传科学知识的好书:一套有益 于孩子们树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观的, 有益于他们成长的好书。     

A Longitudinal Study of Religiosity,Spiritual Health Locus of Control,and Health Behaviors in a National Sample of African Americans

The present longitudinal study examined religious beliefs and behaviors, spiritual health locus of control (SHLOC), and selected health-related behaviors and outcomes in a national sample of 766 African American adults. Participants were interviewed by telephone three times over a 5-year period. Results indicated that stronger religious beliefs and religious behaviors were associated with greater changes in active SHLOC. There was some evidence of direct effects of religious beliefs and behaviors on changes in health behaviors. Religious behaviors were related to greater passive SHLOC over time across some health outcomes. Passive SHLOC was associated with some less desirable health outcomes over time.     

脊柱侧弯手术治疗进展

随着医学技术的发展,脊柱侧弯的治疗方法也在不断的进步。针对其治疗方法的改变,提出以下思考和分析：（1）脊柱侧弯的治疗方法遵循着螺旋式上升,曲折式前进的发展过程;（2）运用适度原则和最优化原则,为患者制定个体化治疗方案;（3）运用运动发展的眼光即动态性原则来观察和解决脊柱侧弯手术治疗中存在的问题。     

Whereas short-term facilitation is presynaptic, intermediate-term facilitation involves both presynaptic and postsynaptic protein kinases and protein synthesis

Whereas short-term plasticity involves covalent modifications that are generally restricted to either presynaptic or postsynaptic structures, long-term plasticity involves the growth of new synapses, which by its nature involves both pre- and postsynaptic alterations. In addition, an intermediate-term stage of plasticity has been identified that might form a bridge between short- and long-term plasticity. Consistent with that idea, although short-term term behavioral sensitization in Aplysia involves presynaptic mechanisms, intermediate-term sensitization involves both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. However, it has not been known whether that is also true of facilitation in vitro, where a more detailed analysis of the mechanisms involved in the different stages and their interrelations is feasible. To address those questions, we have examined pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms of short- and intermediate-term facilitation at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses in isolated cell culture. Whereas short-term facilitation by 1-min 5-HT involves presynaptic PKA and CamKII, intermediate-term facilitation by 10-min 5-HT involves presynaptic PKC and postsynaptic Ca(2+) and CamKII, as well as both pre- and postsynaptic protein synthesis. These results support the idea that the intermediate-term stage is the first to involve both pre- and postsynaptic molecular mechanisms, which could in turn serve as some of the initial steps in a cascade leading to synaptic growth during long-term plasticity.     

Gami-Chunghyuldan ameliorates memory impairment and neurodegeneration induced by intrahippocampal Aβ 1-42 oligomer injection

Soluble oligomeric forms of amyloid beta (AβO) are regarded as a main cause of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and have been a primary target in the development of drug treatments for AD. The present study utilized a mouse model of AD induced by intrahippocampal injection of AβO (10 μM) to investigate the effects of Gami-Chunghyuldan (GCD), a standardized multi-herbal medicinal formula, on the presentation of memory deficits and neurohistological pathogenesis. GCD (10 and 50 mg/kg/day, 5 days, p.o.) improved AβO-induced memory impairment as well as reduced neuronal cell death, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in the hippocampus. In addition, GCD prevented AβO-triggered synaptic disruption and cholinergic fiber loss. These results suggest that GCD may be useful in the prevention and treatment of AD.     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

近五年西方心理学重要期刊发表论文简评

摘要：以《心理学公报》、《心理学评论》和《心理学年度评论》三种心理学国际权威学术期刊从2005年到2009年发表的论文为基础,从研究领域、研究主题、引用率等方面对国际心理学的研究进行了文献计量分析。探讨了心理学发展趋势,指出基础/实验心理、社会心理和健康心理领域的研究仍然是心理学研究的主流,但研究方法、技术发生了根本改变;认知、学习与记忆、决策与判断、情绪健康等主题是心理学研究的热点,从而启发中国的心理学研究者应加强研究方法和统计的训练,关注研究的本土化,进行跨学科、多层次整合的研究以及拓展研究主题。     

Learning as a task or a virtue: U.S. And Chinese preschoolers explain learning

The purpose of this study was to examine cultural influences on conceptual orientations of learning in U.S. and Chinese preschoolers. A sample of 188 preschoolers 4-6 years of age provided free-narrative responses to 2 story beginnings about the learning behavior of 2 protagonists, 1 who worked hard and 1 who gave up. Results showed that despite some differences in the younger age groups, children from both cultures valued learning similarly at age 6. However, important cultural differences emerged in children's construals of the learning process. U.S. children showed a heightened awareness of the mind/task attributes of the learner, that is, ability, task attempting, and strategy use. By contrast, Chinese children perceived more the learner's dispositional qualities of diligence, persistence, and concentration. These trends increased as children's age increased. The U.S. findings are interpreted as reflecting the U.S. cultural emphasis on learning as a task, and the Chinese results, as reflecting the Chinese cultural focus on learning as a process of cultivating personal virtue.