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121.
There is a relatively consistent negative relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms and educational achievement (e.g., grade point average [GPA]). However, the causal direction for this association is less certain due to the lack of longitudinal data with both indicators measured across at least 2 time periods and due to the lack of application of more sophisticated contemporary statistical techniques. We present multivariate results from a large longitudinal cohort-sequential study of high school students (N = 7,317) with measures of self-reported depressive symptoms and self-reported GPAs across multiple time points (following McArdle, 2009, and McArdle, Johnson, Hishinuma, Miyamoto, & Andrade, 2001) using an ethnically diverse sample from Hawai'i. Contemporary statistical techniques included bivariate dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM), multigroup ethnic and gender DSEMs, ordinal scale measurement of key outcomes, and imputation for incomplete longitudinal data. The findings suggest that depressive symptoms affect subsequent academic achievement and not the other way around, especially for Native Hawaiians compared with female non-Hawaiians. We further discuss the scientific, applied, and methodological-statistical implications of the results, including the need for further theorizing and research on mediating variables. We also discuss the need for increased prevention, early intervention, screening, identification, and treatment of depressive symptoms and disorders. Finally, we argue for utilization of more contemporary methodological-statistical techniques, especially when violating parametric test assumptions. 相似文献
122.
123.
This study examined relations of achievement goals of writers who are speakers of English as a foreign language (EFL), the frequency of their writing strategy use, and the quality of their writing from a multiple goals perspective. The goal profiles of 57 EFL college students with similar writing proficiency were based on rating items of an unpublished scale; Group 1 had strong mastery and strong performance-approach goals, and two groups included students with only one strong mastery (Group 2) or performance (Group 3) goal. Think-aloud protocols indicated that the participants adopted 21 strategies in an argumentative writing task, classified into five categories. Group 1 was found to use writing strategies of monitoring or evaluating, revising, and compensating significantly more often than the other two groups, and produced better essays. Strong mastery and performance-approach goals might be beneficial for EFL college writers. 相似文献
124.
This paper first discusses the relationship between Kullback–Leibler information (KL) and Fisher information in the context
of multi-dimensional item response theory and is further interpreted for the two-dimensional case, from a geometric perspective.
This explication should allow for a better understanding of the various item selection methods in multi-dimensional adaptive
tests (MAT) which are based on these two information measures. The KL information index (KI) method is then discussed and
two theorems are derived to quantify the relationship between KI and item parameters. Due to the fact that most of the existing
item selection algorithms for MAT bear severe computational complexity, which substantially lowers the applicability of MAT,
two versions of simplified KL index (SKI), built from the analytical results, are proposed to mimic the behavior of KI, while
reducing the overall computational intensity. 相似文献
125.
Hasok Chang 《Erkenntnis》2011,75(3):413-429
Why do some epistemic objects persist despite undergoing serious changes, while others go extinct in similar situations? Scientists
have often been careless in deciding which epistemic objects to retain and which ones to eliminate; historians and philosophers
of science have been on the whole much too unreflective in accepting the scientists’ decisions in this regard. Through a re-examination
of the history of oxygen and phlogiston, I will illustrate the benefits to be gained from challenging and disturbing the commonly
accepted continuities and discontinuities in the lives of epistemic objects. I will also outline two key consequences of such
re-thinking. First, a fresh view on the (dis)continuities in key epistemic objects is apt to lead to informative revisions
in recognized periods and trends in the history of science. Second, recognizing sources of continuity leads to a sympathetic
view on extinct objects, which in turn problematizes the common monistic tendency in science and philosophy; this epistemological
reorientation allows room for more pluralism in scientific practice itself. 相似文献
126.
127.
Aligning inside and outside perspectives of the self: A cross‐cultural difference in self‐perception
Young‐Hoon Kim Chi‐Yue Chiu Sinhae Cho Evelyn W. M. Au Sunyoung Nicole Kwak 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2014,17(1):44-51
Past research shows that European Americans tend to take a first‐person perspective to understand the self and are unlikely to align the inside look with the outside gaze, whereas Asians tend to take a third‐person perspective and are likely to shift their inside look in the direction of the outsize gaze. In three experiments, we compared Asians and European Americans' self‐perceptions when the presence of their parents in the background of self‐perception was primed or otherwise. Without the priming, both European Americans and Asians viewed themselves more positively from their own perspective than from their parents' perspective. With the priming, only Asians lowered the positivity of their self‐perceptions to match the perceived positivity of the self in the parents' perspective. These results suggest that Asians do not have a static, passive tendency to assimilate their self‐views into the perceived external assessments of the self. Rather, their self‐views are fluid and flexible. 相似文献
128.
Leanne Chang 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2014,17(3):196-205
Guided by the theory of motivated information management, this study investigated the extent to which Singaporean college students' sexual health information‐seeking behaviour could be accounted for by their anxiety of uncertainty discrepancy, their perceived outcomes of information seeking and their perceived confidence in seeking and coping with sexual health information acquired from their best friends. Taking into account that issue relevance may play a role in individuals' health decision‐making, this study also examined the effect of perceived vulnerability on respondents' sexual health information‐seeking behaviour. An online survey was conducted with 202 undergraduate students at a university in Singapore. Respondents were asked to report the frequency with which they sought four types of sexual health information from their best friends: unwanted pregnancy, abortion, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. Survey data showed that respondents' uncertainty discrepancy was positively associated with their anxiety. Anxiety had negative effects on efficacy and outcome expectancy. Outcome expectancy was positively associated with efficacy. Both efficacy and perceived vulnerability accounted for a significant amount of variance in respondents' sexual health information‐seeking behaviour. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of young adults' sexual health information behaviour in a Singapore context. 相似文献
129.
Long Erin E. Young Jami F. Hankin Benjamin L. 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2022,50(3):403-416
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Depressive symptoms predict within-person change in physical symptoms of anxiety and social anxiety symptoms; however, potential mediators of... 相似文献
130.
Many people judge suicide to be immoral. We have found evidence that these moral judgments are primarily predicted by people’s belief that suicide taints the soul and by independent concerns about purity. This finding is inconsistent with accounts that define morality as fundamentally based upon harm considerations. In this commentary, we respond to a critique of our finding, and we provide further support for our original conclusions. Even when applying new exclusion criteria to our data, an examination of effect sizes demonstrates that concerns about purity robustly and meaningfully explain variance in moral judgments of suicide. While harm concerns sometimes predict moral judgments of suicide alongside purity concerns, they reliably explain a much smaller proportion of the variance than do purity concerns. Therefore, data from six studies continue to suggest that the relevance of harm concerns for moral judgments of suicide is substantially overshadowed by the contribution of purity concerns. 相似文献