系统脱敏法治疗大鼠恐怖症研究

系统脱敏法对矫治恐怖症的行为障碍具有良好的效果,但是对伴随恐怖症同时存在的生理、生化方面的病态反应的治疗未见报告。实验中采用噪音逐步递增的方法使大鼠慢慢适应,分别测量治疗过程中大鼠惊恐、焦虑性行为、生理行为、生化等方面的变化。结果表明：系统脱敏法不仅有效地矫治大鼠的变态行为,对生物学方面具有明显的疗效,而且可以提高动物的应激适应能力。     

插图在说明文阅读理解中的作用

研究的目的在于揭示插图对说明文阅读理解的影响。实验中使用移动窗口技术对阅读过程中插图的作用进行探讨,并考察空间想象能力在其中的作用。结果表明：１．插图可以改进说明文的阅读理解,提高阅读速度;２．插图可以帮助读者建立文章所描述物体的参照表征,在建立参照表征的过程中,插图有利于重要概念的理解和有关参照表征信息的整合;３．插图有助于空间想象能力低的读者理解重要概念以及整合有关信息。     

恐惧发生与预防的实验研究：──Ⅰ、强烈噪音下恐具行为的动物模型

通过不同方法对ＳＤ型大鼠分四组进行实验处理,观察比较大鼠的行为,发现：在突然的高强度噪音条件下,大鼠出现恐惧的行为反应;强刺激组大鼠恐惧行为较控制组明显增多,行为的唤醒适应能力异常,并存在显著的个体差异;噪音脱敏训练对提高大鼠在高强噪音条件下的应激能力、减少恐惧具有良好的促进作用;在脱敏训练中尤以逐渐递增噪音强度、刺激时间与平均分配实验日结合的方法效果最为显著。     

成年熟练读者的汉字读音加工过程

本研究对成年熟练读者的汉字读音过程作了初步探讨。被试为大学生,实验材料以形声字为主,研究方法使用命名潜伏期法。实验一研究了不同字形、不同字频的单个汉字的读音,发现被试读汉字有直接提取、声旁及类似推理三种加工方式。高频字的读音以提取为主;中频字读音时,声旁和类似推理的作用增加;低频字读音时提取基本不起作用。实验二中发现,声旁的发音一致性对低频字的读音影响很大。激活熟悉的类似字,以确定刺激字的读音,是低频字读音的一个重要方式。     

社区卫生服务——体现效率与公正特征的改革之路

社区卫生服务比较全面地体现了公正与效率的原则,是卫生改革的一项重大举措。它公正有效地突破了固有的卫生体制;公正有效地实现了“人人享有初级卫生保健”的目的;公正有效地推进了医学模式的转移;公正有效地抓住了纠风的症结;公正有效地解决了医疗费居高不下的顽症。     

Do performance approach‐oriented individuals generate creative ideas? The roles of outcome instrumentality and task persistence

The literature is inconclusive about the positive and negative effects of performance approach goal orientation (PAGO) (i.e., a focus on demonstrating high performance and outperforming others) on creativity. To address this issue, this study examines when and how PAGO stimulates or hinders employee creativity. Drawing on trait activation theory and a self‐regulatory perspective, we propose that outcome instrumentality (i.e., the perception that one will receive desired organizational outcomes when performing well) moderates the effects of PAGO on task persistence bidirectionally, which, in turn, facilitates or hinders employee creativity. Results based on a two‐wave, multi‐source field survey provided strong support for our hypotheses. We found that the relationship between PAGO and task persistence was positive when outcome instrumentality was high but became negative when outcome instrumentality was low. Moreover, we found a moderated mediation effect, such that the indirect effect of PAGO on creativity through task persistence was positive when outcome instrumentality was high but negative when outcome instrumentality was low. These findings extend the PAGO literature by elucidating the goodness and badness of PAGO and provide practical implications on how to manage performance approach‐oriented employees to capitalize on their creative potentials and minimize the possible detrimental effects of PAGO on creativity.     

The Joint Moderating Effects of Activated Negative Moods and Group Voice Climate on the Relationship between Power Distance Orientation and Employee Voice Behavior

Employees inherently have concerns about the consequences of speaking up, and this is particularly notable for employees with high power distance orientation (PDO). Drawing on ideas from the dual‐pathway model of mood and social information processing theory, we propose that activated negative mood and group voice climate can synergistically facilitate high‐PDO employees' voice behaviors. Using a sample from 305 real‐estate sales agents in 66 work groups in Taiwan, we examined the joint moderating effects of activated negative mood and group voice climate on employees' two forms of voice behavior. Our results show that PDO had a negative relationship with promotive voice but did not have a significant relationship with prohibitive voice. Nevertheless, our results show that in the situation where both activated negative mood and group voice climate were high, PDO no longer had a negative relationship with promotive voice, and even had a positive relationship with prohibitive voice. The findings of this study provide theoretical insights for the voice literature and offer practical suggestions for facilitating opinion expression in organisations.     

内隐社会认知的初步实验研究

使用攻击和被攻击者相互作用的实验图片,随机抽取大学本科生９０名,采用３种加工类型×２种测验方式的混合设计来考察社会认知的无意识或内隐成分。结果表明：１．加工类型对被试的再认测验和偏好测验有不同的影响,即出现了实验性分离;２．内隐态度是可以测量的,且明显影响被试的社会判断