Whose promises are worth more? How social status affects trust in promises

Promises are among the most widely used tools for increasing trust in social hierarchies; yet the effect of social status on trust in promises is unknown. Here we used a modified version of the Trust Game, in which participants, acting as Investors, were paired with Trustees of varying social status who were given the opportunity to promise (or not) to return at least half of the multiplied amount (i.e., 4 × the amount invested). No return feedback was provided. Participants invested more in partners who promised than those who did not or whose promise information was concealed. Importantly, in both lab-manipulated (Exps. 1–3: math-induced) and pre-existing (Exp. 4: university-based) hierarchies, participants invested more in promises given by high status than low status partners. Post-experiment measures suggest that this may be due to greater expectations of honesty for high status than low status others. Potential explanations and implications are discussed.     

What do zebra finches learn besides singing? Systematic mapping of the literature and presentation of an efficient associative learning test

Animal Cognition - The process of learning in birds has been extensively studied, with a focus on species such as pigeons, parrots, chickens, and crows. In recent years, the zebra finch has emerged...     

Measuring Associations of the Department of Veterans Affairs' Suicide Prevention Campaign on the Use of Crisis Support Services

Campaigns have become popular in public health approaches to suicide prevention; however, limited empirical investigation of their impact on behavior has been conducted. To address this gap, utilization patterns of crisis support services associated with the Department of Veterans Affairs' Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) suicide prevention campaign were examined. Daily call data for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, VCL, and 1‐800‐SUICIDE were modeled using a novel semi‐varying coefficient method. Analyses reveal significant increases in call volume to both targeted and broad resources during the campaign. Findings underscore the need for further research to refine measurement of the effects of these suicide prevention efforts.     

“和”之精神在《管子》乐论中的具体体现

《管子》是我国齐文化一部重要著述。21世纪是追求“和”之精神的时代,重新审视《管子》乐论,从《地员》、《宙合》、《幼宫》三篇有关乐论的论述中,可以看到“和”之精神的存在。     

Respect and the Confucian concept of Li (ritual propriety)

ABSTRACT

This paper specifically deals with the relation between respect and li禮in the Confucian context. Li has both negative and positive sources. On the positive level, ritual propriety enables one to express internal moral and religious feelings, especially respect, reverence and humility. Furthermore, this work investigates into the relevant feelings and acts of respect and ritual propriety, as well as meaningful critiques of ritual, in an attempt to clarify the genuine expression of ritual propriety that helps to actualize human inner moral and religious approaches.     

The Associations between Mobile Media use and Food Consumption in Parent-Child Dyads

Journal of Child and Family Studies - Mobile media is an emerging factor that may affect children’s dietary behaviors in the family environment. However, little research has examined...     

教学条件下中学生物学概念形成的实验研究

本实验借助假设检验模型对学生在习得条件下生物学概念形成过程进行探究,实验结果表明:1、学生生物学概念的形成存在高起点、缓增长、平台振荡的特点,没有突破现象;2、探究教学更有利于概念的形成.尤其利于发掘学生后程的学习潜力;3、学生对概念的掌握可能存在一个统计学意义上的阈值,相同条件下探究教学比讲授法较更利于学生达到该阈值.     

Influence of irrelevant information on human performance: Effects of S-R association strength and relative timing

Six experiments examined effects of stimulus-response (S-R) association strength and relative timing on the magnitude of consistency effects for irrelevant information in Stroop-like tasks. Keypresses were made to two-dimensional stimuli (a colour or location word surrounded by a coloured rectangle or arrow), with the irrelevant information presented simultaneously with or prior to the relevant information. With simultaneous presentation, irrelevant information affected performance regardless of whether its S-R association was weak or strong, if the relevant S-R association was weak (e.g., colour word to keypress). However, a weak irrelevant S-R association (location word to keypress) had little effect when paired with a strong relevant S-R association (arrow direction to keypress), except when the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the irrelevant and relevant information was 300 ms. When the relevant information was colour, the effect of an irrelevant colour word persisted at a 500-ms SOA but that of an irrelevant physical colour did not, reflecting different decay functions for irrelevant verbal and non-verbal information. The persisting effect of an irrelevant colour word was reduced by articulatory suppression and eliminated at extended SOAs of 3 s. The results indicate that whether the consistency effect patterns are symmetric or asymmetric is determined by the relative strengths of the relevant and irrelevant S-R associations, as specified by the criteria of conceptual and mode similarity. The magnitude of the consistency effect is also a function of the temporal overlap of the resulting response activation, which is determined primarily by mode similarity.     

共同体感与道德赋能——论共同善的情感基础与实践机制

共同善是伦理学的一个重要范畴,但公共与私人、共同体与自我之间的冲突常常会导致现实中面对"共同善"时难以回避的道德两难困境。对共同体与个人何者优先的不同回答,会导致对"共同善"概念的不同理解。若把共同善建基于个体自我关切的互惠互利,则容易陷入"单元论"的谬误;而在交互主体性的视角中强调共同体之优先性,虽在概念上更为完备,但同样难以回应多元文化"不可通约性"的诘难。因此,要回应这一诘难并为共同善进行辩护,其中一个方案是论证"共同体感"的先天价值,为共同善建构稳固的道德情感基础。而在实践中,共同体感的先天存在无法避免共同善所遭受的冷遇及不同个体在实践中所呈现的特殊性,这一难题的解决需要我们进一步探索共同善的道德实践机制,这为激发道德感知与规范情感的道德赋能概念创造了理论和实践空间。