Aitao Lu  Ling Yang  Yanping Yu  Meichao Zhang  Yulan Shao  Honghong Zhang 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2014,55(4):287-295

The present study used the event‐related potential technique to investigate the nature of linguistic effect on color perception. Four types of stimuli based on hue differences between a target color and a preceding color were used: zero hue step within‐category color (0‐WC); one hue step within‐category color (1‐WC); one hue step between‐category color (1‐BC); and two hue step between‐category color (2‐BC). The ERP results showed no significant effect of stimulus type in the 100‐200 ms time window. However, in the 200–350 ms time window, ERP responses to 1‐WC target color overlapped with that to 0‐WC target color for right visual field (RVF) but not left visual field (LVF) presentation. For the 1‐BC condition, ERP amplitudes were comparable in the two visual fields, both being significantly different from the 0‐WC condition. The 2‐BC condition showed the same pattern as the 1‐BC condition. These results suggest that the categorical perception of color in RVF is due to linguistic suppression on within‐category color discrimination but not between‐category color enhancement, and that the effect is independent of early perceptual processes.  相似文献   

    

Huiyuan Jia  Jingyi Lu  Xiaofei Xie  Tao Huang 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2016,89(3):568-587

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Lu S  Cai Y  Shen M  Zhou Y  Han S 《Consciousness and cognition》2012,21(2):928-938

Two types of the attentional network, alerting and orienting, help organisms respond to environmental events for survival in the temporal and spatial dimensions, respectively. Here, we applied chromatic flicker beyond the critical fusion frequency to address whether awareness was necessary for activation of the two attentional networks. We found that high-frequency chromatic flicker, despite its failure to reach awareness, produced the alerting and orienting effects, supporting the dissociation between attention and awareness. Furthermore, as the flicker frequency increased, the orienting effect attenuated whereas the alerting effect remained unchanged. According to the systematic decline in temporal frequency sensitivity across the visual hierarchy, this finding suggests that unconscious alerting might be associated with activity in earlier visual areas than unconscious orienting. Since high-frequency flicker has been demonstrated to only activate early visual cortex, we suppose that neural activation in early visual areas might be sufficient to activate the two attentional networks.  相似文献   

    

Araújo S  Pacheco A  Faísca L  Petersson KM  Reis A 《International journal of psychology》2010,45(6):443-452

One implication of the double-deficit hypothesis for dyslexia is that there should be subtypes of dyslexic readers that exhibit rapid naming deficits with or without concomitant phonological processing problems. In the current study, we investigated the validity of this hypothesis for Portuguese orthography, which is more consistent than English orthography, by exploring different cognitive profiles in a sample of dyslexic children. In particular, we were interested in identifying readers characterized by a pure rapid automatized naming deficit. We also examined whether rapid naming and phonological awareness independently account for individual differences in reading performance. We characterized the performance of dyslexic readers and a control group of normal readers matched for age on reading, visual rapid naming and phonological processing tasks. Our results suggest that there is a subgroup of dyslexic readers with intact phonological processing capacity (in terms of both accuracy and speed measures) but poor rapid naming skills. We also provide evidence for an independent association between rapid naming and reading competence in the dyslexic sample, when the effect of phonological skills was controlled. Altogether, the results are more consistent with the view that rapid naming problems in dyslexia represent a second core deficit rather than an exclusive phonological explanation for the rapid naming deficits. Furthermore, additional non-phonological processes, which subserve rapid naming performance, contribute independently to reading development.  相似文献   

    

Ya Wang  Xing‐jie Chen  Ji‐fang Cui  Lu‐lu Liu 《PsyCh Journal》2015,4(3):166-175

In this study, the authors evaluated the Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). The ZTPI was tested among a sample of 303 university students. A subsample of 51 participants was then asked to complete the ZTPI again along with another set of questionnaires. The five‐factor model of a 20‐item short version of the ZTPI showed good model fit, internal consistency, and test‐retest reliability. The 20‐item Chinese version of the ZTPI also provided good validity, showing correlations with other variables in expected directions. Past‐Positive was positively correlated with reappraisal and negatively correlated with suppression emotion regulation strategies, and Present‐Hedonistic was positively correlated with reappraisal emotion regulation strategies. These findings indicate that the ZTPI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring time perspective in the Chinese setting.  相似文献   

    

Sibila Marques  Maria Luísa Lima  Dominic Abrams  Hannah Swift 《Journal of applied social psychology》2014,44(6):399-408

This research explores the duration of age stereotype priming effects on individuals' will to live when faced with a medical terminal illness decision. Study 1 established the content of the stereotype of the older age group in Portugal. Study 2 tested the effects of priming positive or negative age stereotypes on older and younger individuals' will to live, immediately after priming or after a delay. Results showed significant effects of stereotype valence on older people's will to live. As expected, immediate and delayed will‐to‐live scores were both lower in the negative than in the positive condition. In contrast, among younger people there were no significant effects of stereotype valence. These findings demonstrate the robustness of these types of unconscious influences on older people's fundamental decisions.  相似文献   

    

Jiajin Tong  Xiang Yao  Zhixin Lu  Lei Wang 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(6):1248-1258

This research examined the impact of dialectical thinking (DT) on perceived training outcomes in commercial leadership training using a quasi‐experimental design. Study 1 found that high‐DT individuals had better perceived on‐site training outcomes when compared with individuals with low DTs, regardless of training methods. But there was no significant difference between low and high DTs on subsequent behavioral improvements. It was also found that self‐reported training outcomes were consistent with others' observation. To further validate the on‐site effect of DT, we introduced a cognitive style manipulation prior to training to increase DT levels among trainees in Study 2. Individuals following the cognitive style manipulation reported significantly better perceived training outcomes. The implications of this research for field training are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Jiafang Lu  Dean Tjosvold  Kan Shi  Bin Wang 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2012,15(2):77-88

An often‐neglected perspective is that work–family incompatibilities are not only intrapersonal role conflicts but also typically involve interpersonal conflicts. This study adopts an episodes approach and uses the theory of cooperation and competition to understand the interaction that promotes resolving work–family conflict incidents. Two‐hundred and four Chinese dual‐career parents each described a specific work–family conflict incident and responded to specific questions to code the interaction. Structural equation analyses indicated that cooperative goals facilitated constructive controversy that in turn promoted high quality resolutions, strong relationships, and confidence in the future of their work and family lives.  相似文献   

    

Alves RA  Castro SL  Olive T 《International journal of psychology》2008,43(6):969-979

At the behavioural level, the activity of a writer can be described as periods of typing separated by pauses. Although some studies have been concerned with the functions of pauses, few have investigated motor execution periods. Precise estimates of the distribution of writing processes, and their cognitive demands, across periods of typing and pauses are lacking. Furthermore, it is uncertain how typing skill affects these aspects of writing. We addressed these issues, selecting writers of low and high typing skill who performed dictation and composition tasks. The occurrences of writing processes were assessed through directed verbalization, and their cognitive demands were measured through interference in reaction times (IRT). Before writing a narrative, 34 undergraduates learned to categorize examples of introspective thoughts as different types of activities related to writing (planning, translating, or revising). Then, while writing, they responded to random auditory probes, and reported their ongoing activity according to the learned categories. Convergent with previous findings, translating was most often reported, and revising and planning had fewer occurrences. Translating was mostly activated during motor execution, whereas revising and planning were mainly activated during pauses. However, none of the writing processes can be characterized as being typical of pauses, since translating was activated to a similar extent as the other two processes. Regarding cognitive demands, revising is likely to be the most demanding process in narrative writing. Typing skill had an impact on IRTs of motor execution. The demands of execution were greater in the low than in the high typing skill group, but these greater demands did not affect the strategy of writing processes activation. Nevertheless, low typing skill had a detrimental impact on text quality.  相似文献   

    

Prabu David  Tingting Lu  Susan Kline  Li Cai 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2007,10(3):471-474

The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of fairness of a computer-administered quiz as a function of the anthropomorphic features of the help agent offered within the quiz environment. The addition of simple anthropomorphic cues to a computer help agent reduced the perceived friendliness of the agent, perceived intelligence of the agent, and the perceived fairness of the quiz. These differences were observed only for male anthropomorphic cues, but not for female anthropomorphic cues. The results were not explained by the social attraction of the anthropomorphic agents used in the quiz or by gender identification with the agents. Priming of visual cues provides the best account of the data. Practical implications of the study are discussed.  相似文献