内隐记忆的启动效应

启动效应是指先前经验对当前任务的促进作用。启动效应的研究是内隐记忆研究的重要组成部分。该文对启动效应在认知行为研究、脑损伤患者的神经心理学研究以及功能成像研究方面取得的新进展进行了回顾。在简要评述启动效应研究中存在的问题基础上,对于启动效应研究中的进一步发展,指出建立清晰的概念和构建更有解释效力的理论模型的迫切需要     

词汇习得年龄效应的研究进展

近年来的大量研究表明,词汇习得的年龄是影响词汇加工的一个重要因素。本文首先阐述了词汇习得年龄效应产生的可能机制,包括语音完整性假设、累计频率假设、任意映射假设和语义假设,然后介绍近年来研究的最新动向,并提出了需要进一步研究的问题。     

Low self‐esteem,entrapment, and reason for living: A moderated mediation model of suicidal ideation

Adolescent suicidal ideation has become a top public health concern. It is thus significant to explore both risk and protective factors of adolescent suicidal ideation. The present study tested a moderated mediation model of suicidal ideation in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Chinese adolescents of 1074 (54.2% females, aged between 11 and 18 years) completed questionnaires assessing self‐esteem, entrapment, reason for living, and suicidal ideation. We found that entrapment mediated the association between low self‐esteem and suicidal ideation. The association between entrapment and suicidal ideation was moderated by reason for living. Findings of this study may expand our understanding of the development of suicidal ideation, and facilitate future research exploring the interplay of risk and protective factors of suicidality. Clinical implications of these findings were also discussed.     

初中二年级学生学习困难、人际关系、自我接纳对心理健康的影响

以134名初中二年级学生为被试,采用协方差结构模型对学习困滩、人际关系、自我接纳与心理健康的关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)学习困难对心理健康有显著的负面影响;自我接纳对心理健康有显著的正面影响.(2)学习困难对亲子关系和师生关系有显著负面影响.(3)亲子关系对自我接纳有显著的正面影响.     

绿色生活方式的结构与测量

基于前人研究,结合对241份访谈问卷进行内容分析,构建绿色生活方式由知、情、意、行四维度组成的理论假设,并依照该理论初步编制绿色生活方式量表。采用调查法回收有效问卷1051份,结果显示:量表的 Cronbach α系数为0.919,分半信度系数为0.876,0.868; 量表与各维度均存在显著的中高等相关,各维度间存在显著的中低等相关; 探索性因素分析的结果与理论构想基本一致,验证性因素分析结果表明模型拟合度良好; 此外,量表能较好区分环境态度与环保行为有不一致倾向的个体。因此,本研究制定的绿色生活方式量表具有较好的信效度,并可为区分“言行一致”或“言行不一”的个体提供一定参考。     

Childhood Trauma and Self-Control: The Mediating Role of Depletion Sensitivity

Journal of Child and Family Studies - Previous research demonstrated that childhood trauma was associated with self-control deficit from adolescence to adulthood. However, the underlying mechanism...     

The Job Demands-Resources Model and Job Burnout: The Mediating Role of Personal Resources

The primary purpose of this study is to test whether the effect of workload on emotional exhaustion (health impairment process) and social support on depersonalization (motivation process) could be mediated by personal resources such as self-efficacy, self-esteem and optimism. Two multiple mediation models are tested separately, and then the point estimate and bias-corrected and accelerated 95 % confidence interval of the total and specific indirect effect are determined using the bootstrap approach with 1000 bootstrapped samples. The results show that workload positively affects emotional exhaustion, whereas social support negatively affects depersonalization, thus further corroborating the health impairment process and motivation process as assumed by the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. The total indirect effect is significant for both models, and self-esteem and optimism are the significant mediators for the health impairment process, whereas only optimism is the significant mediator for the motivation process.     

Task-related functional connectivity of the caudate mediates the association between trait mindfulness and implicit learning in older adults

Accumulating evidence shows a positive relationship between mindfulness and explicit cognitive functioning, i.e., that which occurs with conscious intent and awareness. However, recent evidence suggests that there may be a negative relationship between mindfulness and implicit types of learning, or those that occur without conscious awareness or intent. Here we examined the neural mechanisms underlying the recently reported negative relationship between dispositional mindfulness and implicit probabilistic sequence learning in both younger and older adults. We tested the hypothesis that the relationship is mediated by communication, or functional connectivity, of brain regions once traditionally considered to be central to dissociable learning systems: the caudate, medial temporal lobe (MTL), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We first replicated the negative relationship between mindfulness and implicit learning in a sample of healthy older adults (60–90 years old) who completed three event-related runs of an implicit sequence learning task. Then, using a seed-based connectivity approach, we identified task-related connectivity associated with individual differences in both learning and mindfulness. The main finding was that caudate-MTL connectivity (bilaterally) was positively correlated with learning and negatively correlated with mindfulness. Further, the strength of task-related connectivity between these regions mediated the negative relationship between mindfulness and learning. This pattern of results was limited to the older adults. Thus, at least in healthy older adults, the functional communication between two interactive learning-relevant systems can account for the relationship between mindfulness and implicit probabilistic sequence learning.