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排序方式: 共有161条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Andrew L. Thomson Jeanne Nakamura Jason T. Siegel Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi 《The journal of positive psychology》2014,9(5):402-413
Mentoring is a prosocial behavior in which an experienced person guides someone with less experience. Elevation refers to the responses elicited when a person witnesses others upholding the highest standards of moral virtue. Three experimental studies bring these two domains together. For all three studies, participants were randomly assigned to either read a story of someone exhibiting moral excellence or to a control condition. Participants in the elevation condition reported feeling more elevated, more positive attitudes toward mentoring, less negative attitudes toward mentoring, greater intentions to become a mentor (Study 1); an increased proclivity to gather information about becoming a mentor (Study 2a); and, an increased tendency to engage in mentoring directly via submitting advice to students (Study 2b). In their totality, the current studies link another prosocial outcome with elevation and demonstrate a condition under which individuals are more likely to be motivated to become a mentor. 相似文献
72.
As-extruded Mg–Al alloy was multi-directionally forged (MDFed) at room temperature to cumulative strain of ΣΔ??=?2.0 at maximum by employing a pass strain of Δ??=?0.1. The coarse initial grains were subdivided gradually to ultra-fine ones by mechanical twinning. The MDFed Mg alloy showed superior mechanical properties of 530?MPa yield and 650?MPa ultimate tensile strengths with ductility of 9%. The relatively large ductility was induced by grain orientation randomization due to multiple twinning and the small pass strains which suppressed the sharp basal-texture evolution. 相似文献
73.
Takato Nakamura Nobuo Saito Yoshiko Suzuki Yoichiro Nakanishi Goro Shimaoka 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(4):161-163
Abstract New electron spin resonance (ESR) lines with g1 = 2·0017 and g2 and g3 = 2·0006 have been found in the ESR spectra of as-deposited a-Si1–x Cx:H films prepared by magnetron sputtering of silicon in the gas mixtures of methane and argon. Similarities between the observed spectra and those for the E′ centre in glassy SiO2 are discussed. 相似文献
74.
Chad?Ebesutani Adam?Bernstein Brad?J.?Nakamura Bruce?F.?Chorpita John?R.?Weisz The Research Network on Youth Mental Health 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(2):249-260
The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale—Parent Version (RCADS-P) is a 47-item parent-report questionnaire of youth
anxiety and depression, with scales corresponding to the DSM-IV categories of Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia,
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The
RCADS-P is currently the only parent-report questionnaire that concurrently assesses youth symptomatology of individual anxiety
disorders as well as depression in accordance with DSM-IV nosology. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the RCADS-P in a large (N = 490), clinic-referred sample of youths. The RCADS-P demonstrated favorable psychometric properties, including high internal
consistency, convergent/divergent validity, as well as strong discriminant validity—evidencing an ability to discriminate
between anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as between the targeted anxiety disorders. Support for the DSM-related six-factor
RCADS-P structure was also evidenced. This structure demonstrated superior fit to a recently suggested alternative to the
DSM-IV classification of anxiety and affective disorders—namely, the MDD/GAD “distress” factor. 相似文献
75.
Complex motor skill often consists of a fixed sequence of movements. Recent studies show that a stereotyped temporal pattern or rhythm emerges as we learn to perform a motor sequence. This is because the sequence is reorganized during learning as serial chunks of movements in both a sequence-specific and subject-specific manner. On the basis of human imaging studies we propose that the formation of chunk patterns is controlled by the cerebellum, its posterior and anterior lobes contributing, respectively, to the temporal patterns before and after chunk formation. The motor rhythm can assist the motor networks in the cerebral cortex to control automatic movements within chunks and the cognitive networks to control non-automatic movements between chunks, respectively. In this way, organized motor skill can be performed automatically and flexibly. 相似文献
76.
Derrik R. Tollefson Kevin Webb Dirk Shumway Stanley H. Block Yoshio Nakamura 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(1):17-45
Conventional interventions with perpetrators of domestic violence are marginally effective. Given these results, researchers and practitioners are beginning to focus on identifying ways to improve domestic violence treatment outcomes. This article describes how a rural state-sponsored domestic violence offender program utilizes a treatment approach known as Mind-Body Bridging to help its clients overcome their abusive behaviors. Preliminary findings from an ongoing outcome study are also reported. According to these findings, the program has a high completion rate coupled with a low recidivism rate. Ninety-three percent (82 of 88) of the clients who have participated in this program completed the program, and just 7%?(6 of 82) of those who completed the program reoffended during the follow-up period, which ranged from 9 to 27 months. 相似文献
77.
78.
Kiyoshi Ishii Yoshio Iguchi Kazuya Fukumoto Tomohiro Nakayasu 《Learning and motivation》2008,39(4):257-264
Using a conditioned taste aversion procedure with rats as the subjects, two experiments examined the effect of presenting a conditioned stimulus (CS saccharin solution) in one context followed by an unconditioned stimulus (US LiCl) in a different context. Experiment 1 showed that animals which received the above-mentioned procedure (Group D) showed a more marked conditioned aversion to the CS than animals which were given both the CS and the US in the same context (Group S). Experiment 2 found that in both Group D and Group S, aversion to the CS increased when the subjects were exposed to the conditioned context after the conditioning. These findings supported the argument that the strength of the CS-US association acquired during conditioning is compared with that of the context-US to determine the magnitude of aversion revealed to the CS. 相似文献
79.
Bruce F. Chorpita Brad J. Nakamura 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(1):52-60
The incorporation of Bayesian logic into diagnostic interviewing may assist with empirically based diagnostic assessment strategies
in practice settings, balancing cost effectiveness, administration demands, and accuracy, yet few demonstrations of such a
system have been undertaken in the context of mental health diagnosis. The present study represented an initial feasibility
demonstration of whether a simplified Bayesian approach offered comparative advantages in interview accuracy and efficiency
against a standard assessment procedure. Two different diagnostic algorithms were compared targeting three selected diagnoses:
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and social phobia (SP). The first algorithm was from
a standard semi-structured diagnostic interview, and the second was from a dynamic system using diagnostic base rate information
to select interview content. The dynamic algorithm reduced administration time and uniformly matched or improved accuracy
over standard procedures.
Preparation of this article was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Grant R03 MH60134, an award from
the University of Hawai‘i Research Council, and awards from the Hawaii Departments of Health and Education to the first author. 相似文献
80.
Kuninori Nakamura 《The Japanese psychological research》2004,46(1):44-55
Abstract: Previous studies on subjective probability judgment indicate that pair‐wise comparison between the focal and the strongest alternative outcome plays an important role in probability judgment. This study, however, found that the randomness of alternative outcomes affected probability judgment for focal outcome. In the present study, 182 participants provided probability estimates for winning on hypothetical slot machines where both successes and losses were composed of multiple outcomes. The randomness of both the focal and alternative outcomes were defined by the expression used in Rappoport and Budescu (1997 ). The analysis indicated that the more random the distributions of both focal and alternative outcomes, the higher the estimated probability for focal outcome. Some theoretical suggestions are discussed. 相似文献