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11.
This study examines the relationship between university professors' work orientation and attitudes toward their work. Specific and global work orientations are related to extrinsic and intrinsic attitudes toward (1) career attraction, (2) work satisfaction, and (3) commitment to the profession. The major findings of the study are (1) global work orientation is a strong predictor of attitudes toward intrinsic aspects of work in the social sciences and is a moderate predictor in the physical sciences; (2) specific work orientation is a strong predictor of attitudes toward extrinsic aspects of work in the physical sciences and is a moderate predictor in the social sciences; (3) global work orientation is not related to extrinsic work attitudes in the physical and social sciences; and (4) specific work orientation is not related to intrinsic work attitudes in the physical and social sciences. 相似文献
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Hadjez J Stein D Gabbay U Bruckner J Meged S Barak Y Elizur A Weizman A Rotenberg VS 《Adolescence》2003,38(150):331-342
This study compared the manifest dream content of 20 schizophrenic adolescent inpatients whose medications were stable for at least four weeks, 21 adolescent inpatients with other mental disorders (nonschizophrenic group) matched for age and gender, and 31 matched community controls. All participants were administered the standardized Formal Dream Content Rating Scale (FDCRS), which evaluates dream-related anxiety, cognitive disturbance, implausibility, involvement, primitivity, and recall, as well as two additional scales measuring emotional expression and duration of dream report. The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) was administered to the two inpatient groups. The community controls demonstrated more involvement and emotional expression than the schizophrenic patients; furthermore, they demonstrated more implausibility and had a greater duration of dream report compared with the nonschizophrenic group. In the schizophrenic patients only, elevated scores on the negative subscale of the PANSS were significantly correlated with lower scores on involvement, emotional expression, and dream recall. No relationship was found between the positive subscale of the PANSS and any of the FDCRS subscales. These results suggest that psychopathology per se, rather than the specific psychiatric disturbance, may be associated with impoverishment of dream content, and that negative, rather than positive, schizophrenic symptomatology may be influential in the dream content of schizophrenic youngsters. 相似文献
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Rationalism in political philosophy is the view that politics should be governed by moral principles and that those principles
can and should be justified independently of the situations and circumstances that make up political reality. This traditional
view of political philosophy implies that the meaning of right political action is determined by moral principles the rational authority of which derives from abstract philosophical reasoning,
not from the situations and circumstances that are the substance of political reality. In this essay I argue that rationalist
moralities must presuppose the understanding of particular situations and circumstances for their meaningful and correct interpretation.
This means, I argue, that the rightness of political judgement and action is immanent in particular situations, not in abstract
moralities. And this, I argue, suggests a shift from the traditional view of political society as the embodiment of abstract
principles, towards a view of political society as the embodiment of the activity of situational judgement. A society worth hoping for, then, is one in which we can live in the light of our understanding
of the situations and circumstances that are the substance of everyday life, rather than in the shadow of abstract moralities.
Such a society would be sensitive to the particularities and complexities of political reality, but at the same time it does
not succumb to moral relativism and skepticism. 相似文献
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Maria Lev Sharon Gilaie‐Dotan Dana Gotthilf‐Nezri Oren Yehezkel Joseph L. Brooks Anat Perry Shlomo Bentin Yoram Bonneh Uri Polat 《Developmental science》2015,18(1):50-64
Long‐term deprivation of normal visual inputs can cause perceptual impairments at various levels of visual function, from basic visual acuity deficits, through mid‐level deficits such as contour integration and motion coherence, to high‐level face and object agnosia. Yet it is unclear whether training during adulthood, at a post‐developmental stage of the adult visual system, can overcome such developmental impairments. Here, we visually trained LG, a developmental object and face agnosic individual. Prior to training, at the age of 20, LG's basic and mid‐level visual functions such as visual acuity, crowding effects, and contour integration were underdeveloped relative to normal adult vision, corresponding to or poorer than those of 5–6 year olds (Gilaie‐Dotan, Perry, Bonneh, Malach & Bentin, 2009). Intensive visual training, based on lateral interactions, was applied for a period of 9 months. LG's directly trained but also untrained visual functions such as visual acuity, crowding, binocular stereopsis and also mid‐level contour integration improved significantly and reached near‐age‐level performance, with long‐term (over 4 years) persistence. Moreover, mid‐level functions that were tested post‐training were found to be normal in LG. Some possible subtle improvement was observed in LG's higher‐order visual functions such as object recognition and part integration, while LG's face perception skills have not improved thus far. These results suggest that corrective training at a post‐developmental stage, even in the adult visual system, can prove effective, and its enduring effects are the basis for a revival of a developmental cascade that can lead to reduced perceptual impairments. 相似文献
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The primary purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of attention deficits, learning disability, and the combined effects of both on the learning and memory processes, as measured by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Thirty children (age range 12-17) diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 18 children (age range 11-17) diagnosed with learning disabilities (LD), and 64 children (age range 12-17) diagnosed with ADHD as well as with LD, and 28, 18, and 62 matched controls, respectively, participated in this study. It was found that the children diagnosed with ADHD did not differ in any of the verbal learning and memory measures derived from the Rey AVLT. The group with LD was impaired in the overall number of words recalled across the learning phase. Performance of the children diagnosed with ADHD +LD showed a similar impairment as the group with LD (i.e., overall amount of words learned) and, in addition, their retrieval efficiency was also impaired. In conclusion, this study indicates that verbal memory is preserved in children with ADHD if they have no LD and their intelligence is in the normal range or above. LD by itself leads to difficulties in acquisition, but the combination of ADHD+LD leads to additional impairment in retrieval processes. 相似文献
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Abstract The process of anodic oxide growth has been investigated. It is shown that the obtained experimental results confirm the Fehlner-Mott oxidation model in the case of InSb, a typical compound of the 111-V group. We also present a kinetic theory of the anion migration in the formed oxide. The theory is based on the following assumptions. (a) The only species which moves through the formed oxide is the OH? anion. (b) The chemical reactions of OH? with In3+ and Sb3+ cations take place simultaneously and independently, in a thin layer of the oxide/InSb interface. The resulting solution of the kinetic equations describes the anion distribution in the formed oxide. A simple expression for the rate of oxidation is obtained. Another possible application of the presented theory is suggested. 相似文献
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Yoram Bar-Tal 《欧洲人格杂志》1994,8(1):45-58
It is proposed that coping with conflictual decision-making can be viewed as a special case of coping with uncertainty. It is further suggested that two factors determine coping with uncertainty: (1) the individuals‘ need for cognitive structure (NCS), and (2) the individuals’ ability to achieve cognitive structure (AACS). This paper demonstrates that the interaction between AACS and NCS may explain subjects' reaction to decisional conflict. The results show that high-NCS and low-AACS individuals experienced the greatest difficulties in their decision-making and showed a positive correlation between the extent to which they perceived the conflict in the situation and the amount of time that they spent making the decision. In contrast, high-AACS and high-NCS subjects showed a negative correlation between these factors. In addition, these subjects experienced the least difficulty in the situation. 相似文献