伏隔核和中脑腹侧被盖区内食欲素在吗啡奖赏中的作用

实验采用条件性位置偏爱（CPP）模型考察中脑腹侧被盖区（VTA）和伏隔核壳区（NAcSh）内食欲素（orexin）在吗啡奖赏中的作用。Wistar大鼠分为盐水训练组和吗啡训练组。3轮吗啡（或盐水）匹配训练前,双侧VTA或NAcSh内给予OXR1拮抗剂SB334867（VTA: 0, 1, 5μg;NAcSh: 0, 1, 3μg）;或2轮吗啡（或盐水）匹配训练前NAcSh内给予orexin A（0, 2, 4, 6μg）,观察其对吗啡CPP建立的影响。结果表明,VTA内给予SB334867抑制吗啡CPP建立,并存在剂量效应关系;NAcSh内给予SB334867或orexin A均未影响吗啡CPP建立,而orexin A可增加吗啡处理大鼠的运动性。以上结果表明,VTA和NAcSh内的orexin在吗啡奖赏中扮演的角色不同,可能调控成瘾行为的不同成分     

工作场所攻击行为的研究述评

目前,工作场所攻击行为和暴力行为的发生越来越多,这种现象在职业健康领域逐渐成为一个重要的问题。论文介绍了工作场所攻击行为的概念和类型;分析了工作场所攻击行为与相关概念的界定、测量和研究方法;分析引起工作场所攻击行为的两方面原因,即情境或组织因素和个人特征方面的原因;探讨了工作场所攻击行为的预防和今后研究的方向。     

新农村建设中农地经营机制创新路径分析——以江苏省江都市为例

建国以来,历次农村土地制度改革与变迁,对经济社会发展产生了极大的制度效应.本文以江苏省江都市为例,围绕建国以来江都地区农村土地经营制度改革与发展进程中,农村土地制度变迁对经济社会发展产生的积极效应,并根据新时期农村改革发展新要求,结合当前江都市农村土地经营机制创新特点,阐述进一步推动农村土地经营机制创新的重点路径,即在坚持农村基本经营制度基础上,保持农民土地承包关系稳定并长久不变,进一步放活农村土地市场,搞活农村土地使用权,赋予农民完善的土地经营权能,增强农民土地市场地位,健全土地流转机制,切实提升农地经营效益,实现农民土地收益最大化.     

道德与自然:"形上之道"与"形而上学"的本质区别

Both thinkings on Dao in Chinese philosophy and metaphysics in Western philosophy investigate things on a spiritual level that transcends experience, but there are incommensurable differences between them. The objective of “metaphysics” is ontological knowledge about nature from the perspective of epistemological “truth-pursuing”. Western metaphysics is thus a “metaphysics of nature”. Dao in Chinese philosophy, on the other hand, more often manifests itself in “good-pursuing” by means of the internal, experiential pursuit of moral stature and spiritual security. Philosophy of Dao is thus a “metaphysics of ethics”. The cause of this difference can be traced back to the differences between the rational tradition of the West, characterized by the dualism of the subject and the object, and the moral tradition of China, characterized by the integration of man and nature. __________ Translated by Zhang Lin from Lunlixue yanjiu 伦理学研究 (Studies in Ethics), 2007, (4): 62–65     

Motivational-behavioral correlates of goal orientation and perceived motivational climate in physical education contexts.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how goal orientation (task and ego) and perceived motivational climate (mastery and performance) related to intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, adherence, and evaluated skill within Korean physical education contexts, 218 men attending physical education classes completed the Korean versions of the Perception of Success Questionnaire and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, including a battery of motivational and behavioral assessments. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that over-all fit for the modified versions of the questionnaires were reasonably acceptable. The results of canonical correlation analyses indicated that the task goal orientation was positively associated with intrinsic motivation and self-esteem, while the climate of perceived mastery was positively related to intrinsic motivation, adherence, and evaluated skill. These results were discussed within the frame of goal perspective theory in physical education contexts.     

FOK的线索熟悉性假说与线索熟悉性判断

这项研究对ＦＯＫ的线索熟悉性假说进行了进一步检验,该假说认为,人们是根据自已对记忆线索是否熟悉而作ＦＯＫ判断的,研究结果表明,线索熟悉性判断与ＦＯＫ判断是两种不同性质的判断,它们可以在相同的刺激模式下表现出不同的反应模式。     

Rainbows in the society: A measure of hope for society

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a measure of social hope. Previous studies have extensively reported on personal hope and its outcomes. Although a few studies have suggested the concept of collective or social hope, there is no instrument to assess the construct. In this study, we created a 5‐item scale, drawing on Snyder's hope theory, and collected two sets of survey data online. Analysis of these data sets revealed that the new scale was structurally unidimensional and internally consistent. In association with Snyder's State Hope Scale, the Social Hope Scale showed convergent and discriminant validity. The social hope construct also exhibited theoretically meaningful relationships with political efficacy and self‐construal (concurrent validity). Finally, social hope was higher for those who had participated in certain types of social activism than it was for those who had not (predictive validity). These results suggest that the Social Hope Scale is a reliable and valid self‐report measure of hopeful thinking for society.     

Do Guyanese mothers' levels of warmth moderate the association between harshness and justness of physical punishment and preschoolers' prosocial behaviours and anger?

This study assessed the moderating role of Indo‐Guyanese mothers' warmth and affection on the associations between harshness and justness of physical punishment and prosocial behaviours and anger in preschoolers. One hundred and thirty‐nine rural Indo‐Guyanese mothers filled out Rohner's Parental Acceptance–Rejection (PARQ) and Physical Punishment Questionnaires (PPQ). Teachers provided assessments of children's prosocial behaviours and anger in preschool settings. Maternal warmth did not moderate the relationship between harshness of physical punishment and children's prosocial behaviours and anger, but it did moderate the relationship between justness of physical punishment and prosocial behaviours for sons as well as the association between justness of physical punishment and anger for daughters. In Caribbean societies where harsh punishment is normative, maternal warmth may work more effectively with justness, and not with harshness of physical punishment, to lower negative childhood behavioural outcomes.     

句子语境中语义联系启动作用的研究

通过对比研究正序和乱序两种句子语境对目标词加工的不同影响,来探讨句子语境中语义联系启动作用及作用点问题。实验一采用词汇命名任务研究发现,句法成分影响命名任务,句法违反对命名任务产生较大的抑制作用。语义违反则对命名任务没有产生显著的抑制作用。实验二利用词汇决定任务发现,词序影响决定任务,乱序对词汇决定产生很大的抑制作用。语义违反对决定任务地产生较大的抑制作用。结果表,中义联系启动是短暂的,它的保持和传递需要句法成分的支持。     

Impact of Handedness Consistency on Bimanual and Unimanual Continuous Movements

Bimanual coordination is an essential human function requiring efficient interhemispheric communication to produce coordinated movements. Previous research suggests a “bimanual advantage” phenomenon, where completing synchronized bimanual tasks results in less variability than unimanual tasks. Additionally, of hand dominance has been shown to influence coordinated performance. The present study examined the bimanual advantage in individuals with consistent and inconsistent handedness. It was predicted that participants with consistent handedness would not display a bimanual advantage unlike those with inconsistent handedness. Fifty-six young adults completed a finger-tapping paradigm in five conditions: unimanual tapping with either left or right hand, in-phase bimanual tapping, and out-of phase bimanual tapping led by either left or right hand. Results were not consistent with the hypothesis that participants with consistent handedness displayed the “bimanual advantage”. However, the “bimanual advantage” was not evident for the inconsistent handers when the temporal consistency was measured with either the left or right hand only. Overall, the “bimanual advantage” may be dependent upon consistency of hand preference, as well as the direction of hand dominance.