测谎者的无意识加工对谎言识别的影响

在谎言识别研究中, 最重要的发现之一就是人们在意识层面上识别谎言的正确率仅仅略高于随机水平。于是, 大量的研究转而考察无意识加工对谎言识别的影响。本文从测谎者的角度出发, 考察测谎者的无意识加工是否可以提高其谎言识别的正确率。本文梳理了关于无意识谎言识别的理论建构, 总结了无意识谎言识别的实证研究, 从无意识的信息接收、信息接收后的无意识思维以及无意识判断决策三个方面详细介绍了近年来的重要的成果和主要的争议。针对目前研究的困境, 本文提出未来的研究应该重点关注理论建构、交互式谎言情境、线索加工匹配效应、测试生理和脑激活指标以及无意识谎言识别的应用等五个方面。     

组织公正感理论及其在企业人力资源管理中的运用

组织公正感的研究近些年在美国受到了众多学者的关注,其研究成果也越来越多地被运用于公司管理的实践。而在中国,组织公正感理论还鲜为人知。本文试图对组织公正感理论的内容及其研究成果作一系统的分析,并在此基础上,阐述其对中国人力资源管理实践的意义,以及如何运用组织公正感理论。     

提取诱发遗忘的研究现状与展望

提取诱发遗忘强调对相关项目的提取会造成对其竞争项目的抑制,从而导致对这些竞争项目的暂时遗忘。文章阐释了提取诱发遗忘的概念界定与实验范式、有关理论以及实证研究,并重点介绍了提取诱发遗忘的机制研究,对抑制说与非抑制说的争论及实验研究进行了全面的综述,最后指出未来的研究应更侧重于抑制的具体过程、抑制在哪个水平上执行、激活扩展如何被限制及提取诱发遗忘的情境化研究     

The Influence of External Recruitment Practices on Job Search Practices Across Domestic Labor Markets: A comparison of the United States and China

Job search theories traditionally assume that job seekers have open access to information about employment opportunities. This may be moderated by the degree that labor markets rely on external recruitment to convey information about employment opportunities. In particular, external recruitment may be more widely used in some countries than other countries. Accordingly, this paper hypothesizes that job search practices that rely on external recruitment and information sharing with potential recruits are more likely to be widely used in the United States than in China and that job search practices are more likely to influence starting wages in the United States than in China. Using samples of graduating undergraduate college students in both the United States and China, this study suggests that job seekers gather more information about employment opportunities in the United States than in China, and that job search effort is more likely to influence starting wages in the United States than in China. The research suggests that job search theories need to consider job seeker access to information as a significant moderating variable in job search theory.     

亚里士多德物理学中的“原因”和“运动”概念——从库恩的观点看

在库恩“范式”理论的发展中,“类比”对于塑形知识范式的基本作用被越来越多地强调。与此相应,亚里士多德亦将“类比”作为认识得以形成和扩展的基本方法。正是凭借对“人间”领域中较熟悉事物的观察,亚里士多德才得以形成对“天”进行论说的概念基础。正因如此,亚式物理学中那些诸多不同于现代物理学的特质,似都可以通过这种独特的类比模式得到说明。     

生命史理论概述及其与社会心理学的结合——以道德行为为例

生命史理论作为进化心理学的代表性理论之一, 同时关注了环境因素和个体经验, 是社会心理与个人心理的有机结合, 但是该理论目前在社会心理学领域得到的关注还相当有限。因此该理论具体的建立、发展过程, 主要理论观点, 以及主要测量方法、测量工具都需要进行详细的梳理和介绍, 以便于研究者对其有较为全面的理解。此外, 结合社会心理学的重要研究主题--道德行为, 可以发现不同生命史策略在个体的亲社会行为、不道德／暴力犯罪行为上可能有不同的表现, 并且控制感、安全感和调节定向理论都会是其可能的影响机制。因此在未来的研究中, 应该将生命史理论在社会心理学领域进行更广泛的应用, 为社会心理学研究者提供一个分析道德行为的新视角。     

Action-state orientation and the theory of planned behavior: A study of job search in China

Job search is an important element of people’s careers and is especially critical for unemployed individuals. The current study surveyed a sample of 328 unemployed job seekers in China to test hypotheses related to the theory of planned behavior and action-state orientation theory. Results of the three-wave longitudinal study demonstrated that the theory of planned behavior was effective in modeling job-search intention and job-search intensity. Action-state orientation moderated the relationship between attitude and intention, as well as the relationship between intention and intensity. The current study sheds light on the motivational and self-regulatory process of job search and reemployment for Chinese unemployed job seekers.     

驾驶疲劳对听觉注意影响的ERP研究

目的:探讨驾驶疲劳对于听觉注意的影响.方法:采用组间对照,对照组为12名充分休息的出租车司机,实验组为15名连续驾驶10h的司机.采用听觉Oddball范式,标准刺激:800Hz,概率80%;靶刺激:1000Hz,概率10%;新异刺激:计算机产生的噪声或其他声音,概牢10%.声音强度均为85dBL,刺激间隔(SOA)1000ms,刺激呈现时间100ms.要求被试对靶刺激按鼠标反应.结果:P3a分布以额中央区为主,驾驶疲劳后新异刺激引起的P3a潜伏期没有显著变化,幅值显著降低;P3b以中央顶区为主,驾驶疲劳后靶刺激引起的P3b潜伏期没有显著变化,幅值显著降低.结论:驾驶疲劳后听觉非随意注意能力、注意加工能力下降.     

Non‐linear structural equation models with correlated continuous and discrete data

Structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely applied to examine interrelationships among latent and observed variables in social and psychological research. Motivated by the fact that correlated discrete variables are frequently encountered in practical applications, a non‐linear SEM that accommodates covariates, and mixed continuous, ordered, and unordered categorical variables is proposed. Maximum likelihood methods for estimation and model comparison are discussed. One real‐life data set about cardiovascular disease is used to illustrate the methodologies.