When a Dog Has a Pen for a Tail: the Time Course of Creative Object Processing

Creative objects differ from ordinary objects in that they are created by human beings to contain novel, creative information. Previous research has demonstrated that ordinary object processing involves both a perceptual process for analyzing different features of the visual input and a higher-order process for evaluating the relevance of this visual information. However, it is unclear how and when these processes are influenced by the creative information of the object. This study utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the time course of creative object processing. Behavioral results revealed that participants spent more time processing creative objects than they did ordinary objects. Analysis of scalp ERPs further revealed that creative objects elicited a more negative ERP deflection between 190 and 340 ms (N190–340) with an anterior scalp distribution. Additionally, creative objects elicited more positive ERP deflection than did ordinary objects between 400 and 700 ms (P400–700) with a right centro–parietal scalp distribution and between 700 and 1000 ms (late positive component) with a right anterior–central scalp distribution. Such results suggest that the processing of creative objects is composed of two distinct stages. The early perceptual stage involves the detection of visual differences exhibited by the creative objects, while the late stage involves the right-lateralized processes of understanding and encoding the creative information.     

心理与文化关系刍议

心理的发展影响了文化的生成,文化反过来也影响了心理加工过程,该综述旨在将该领域的相关理论研究进行简单的介绍和评价,且就其未来的发展提供一些新的研究视角。     

霍布斯对现代平等观念的三个重要贡献

霍布斯对现代平等观念的形成做出了三个重要贡献。第一,将平等的主体扩展为一个国家中的一切公民,或者一个社会的一切成员。第二,将平等的对象扩展到与人的自我保存相关的一切事物。第三,对平等的依据提出了两个新的论证,即人的社会地位的不平等不是由自然能力的不同所决定的,而是由法律决定的;人的自然权利平等基于人的自然欲望相同,而不是基于人的"天性"相同或"理性"相同。     

言语产生中音韵编码的计划广度:来自图-词干扰范式的证据

采用图-词干扰范式,要求被试口语产生包含三个名词的句子,同时听觉呈现干扰刺激并操纵其与各个名词的语音相关性,通过与无关刺激相比,与各个名词语音相关的干扰刺激产生的语音效应,探讨句子产生中音韵编码的计划广度,同时检验音韵编码的层级激活假设。结果发现,只有第一个名词上出现了语音促进效应,第二和第三个名词上既无语音促进,也无语音干扰。该结果与层级激活假设相悖,表明句子产生中音韵编码的计划广度为第一个韵律词。     

一语道破天机

今年农历三月三,我和妻来到海浮山。海浮山南邻冶源泉湖、北傍老龙湾,风景怡人、独特秀丽、闻名遐迩。每年三月三,是海浮山香火之日。这天,来游览观光的,拜佛烧香的、求子求学的、求平安的、做买卖的、算卦的、相面的……人山人海,漫无天际。各种叫卖声、喇叭声、歌声、笑声,欢声笑语连成一片,热闹非凡。我和妻手拉手挤在人流中,沿着上山的石阶缓缓蠕动者。走着走着,我发现了一个衣衫褴褛、蓬头垢面、瘦骨嶙峋的老头,我越看越眼熟,他的出现使我不由得停住了脚步。“怎么了?”妻问。我指了指那个人告诉妻:“他就是我常对你说的老家那个远近闻…     

Helpfulness and economic impact of multidimensional rating systems: Perspective of functional and hedonic characteristics

Nowadays, the multidimensional rating systems are increasingly popular in practice to help consumers evaluate multiattribute products or services. This study aims to examine the helpfulness and economic impact of multidimensional rating systems and the moderating effect of product type (ordinary, premium) from the perspective of product line. To identify the different effects of different product characteristics on consumers' behavior, multidimensional ratings and textual reviews are classified into two different sets according to the product attributes (functional, hedonic). Besides, the effects of review valence are considered simultaneously. Econometric analysis and text mining are conducted on the real data from autohome.com , a leading Chinese automobile rating platform. Results show that (a) in terms of perceived helpfulness, reviews with positive functional ratings or with negative hedonic ratings are perceived more helpful for ordinary product, whereas reviews with positive hedonic ratings are perceived more helpful for premium product. (b) Regarding product sales, the impacts of functional and hedonic ratings on product sales are inverted U‐shape. Furthermore, for ordinary product, variance of functional ratings has a negative effect on product sales, whereas hedonic ratings variance has an opposite impact. Surprisingly, ordinary product consumers tend to pay more attention to the negative hedonic reviews, whereas premium product consumers concentrate more on the negative functional reviews. In summary, various influences of multidimensional reviews and ratings across product type on review helpfulness and product sales are deeply explored in this study, suggesting that firms' online marketing strategies should be contingent on product type and characteristics.     

Training Public Sector Clinicians in Competency-Based Clinical Supervision: Methods,Curriculum, and Lessons Learned

This article describes an initiative to train public sector clinicians in competency-based clinical supervision. It was delivered as an 18-session course taught online to clinicians employed in departments of behavioral health in nine Southern California counties. The curriculum was co-constructed by a team of clinical supervision scholars and leaders who then served as instructors. Each two-hour meeting addressed a specific topic for which a training video had been prepared, usually featuring a member of the training team who had expertise in that topic. The second part of each meeting focused on a class member’s supervision case presentation. Those presentations revealed 35 themes; the four most frequently occurring were: developing supervisees’ clinical competencies, addressing countertransference and parallel process, balancing clinical and administrative supervisory roles, and addressing record keeping/paperwork. Participants’ pre-to-post supervisory self-efficacy changes demonstrated a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d?=?.46) for the training, with the greatest pre- to post-training changes being in the use of technology, multicultural competencies (awareness of oppression, bias, and stereotyping in clinical work and in clinical supervision), and contracting. They reported that the strengths of the course included an inclusive learning environment and opportunities to reflect on and apply new knowledge and skills, though they also reported struggling with the assignments and the course platform software. Lessons learned reflected the use of technology in this online program, the importance of obtaining buy-in from agency decision makers and being prepared to address challenges related to the use of direct observation in supervision, gatekeeping, and enacting the simultaneous roles of administrative and clinical supervisor.

     

Correction to: Training Public Sector Clinicians in Competency-Based Clinical Supervision: Methods,Curriculum, and Lessons Learned

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-021-09504-9     

Twinning behaviour of TWIP steel studied by Taylor factor analysis

The twinning behaviour of Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel has been studied by analysing the grain orientation and the Taylor factor, based on microstructural and electron backscatter diffraction device observations. It is demonstrated that the Taylor factor can give an important guideline for determining the deformation mode of TWIP steel. The higher the Taylor factor, the easier the formation of twins and thus a tendency for the deformation mode to be mechanical twinning, while a low Taylor factor corresponds to a slip deformation mode. When the loading temperature is relatively low, the high Taylor factor regions increase and thus deformation twinning becomes easier while slip becomes more difficult, leading to increased tensile stress and decreased elongation.     

追寻生命的意义：积极心理学视野下的乐观主义价值

乐观是当前西方积极心理学的核心概念和研究热点,有关乐观主义的价值问题凸显出了积极和消极的乐观主义两种对立的解释取向。事实上,乐观往往与悲观并行存在,乐观主义能否促进健康关键取决于对危机源刺激的过程性判断。有限度的现实乐观能够赋予个体独特的生命意义和价值,有助于个体在乐观与现实之间寻求到心理和谐和平衡的支点。当前的乐观研究已汇成了一股强劲的乐观主义潮流,必将成为心理世界发展新的生长点。