注意瞬脱中Lag-1节省现象的加工机制

Lag-1节省现象强调短时注意加工的持续性进程。解释Lag-1节省现象的主要理论包括关门延缓假设、两阶段竞争理论、暂时性失控理论和推动反弹理论。关门延缓假设和暂时性失控理论分别强调Lag-1节省现象产生的时间决定因素与位置决定因素; 关门延缓假设和两阶段竞争模型强调资源有限性, 暂时性失控理论和推动反弹理论则关注调注意控制的作用。这些理论均强调注意资源或注意控制系统对目标刺激加工选择的重要性。未来研究可更多关注与注意转换机制等方面的结合。     

“WHY BE MORAL?” The Cheng Brothers' Neo‐Confucian Answer

In this article, I present a neo‐Confucian answer, by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, to the question, “Why should I be moral?” I argue that this answer is better than some representative answers in the Western philosophical tradition. According to the Chengs, one should be moral because it is a joy to perform moral actions. Sometimes one finds it a pain, instead of a joy, to perform moral actions only because one lacks the necessary genuine moral knowledge—knowledge that is accessible to every common person as long as one makes the effort to learn. One should make the effort to learn such knowledge—to seek joy in performing moral actions—because to be moral is a distinguishing mark of being human. This neo‐Confucian answer seems to be egoistic, as its conception of motivation for morality is based on self‐interest: to seek one's own joy. However, since it emphasizes that one's true self‐interest is to seek joy in things uniquely human, which is to be moral, self‐interest and morality become identical; the more a person seeks one's self‐interest, the more moral the person is, and vice versa.     

Atypically heterogeneous vertical first fixations to faces in a case series of people with developmental prosopagnosia

ABSTRACT

When people recognize faces, they normally move their eyes so that their first fixation is in the optimal location for efficient perceptual processing. This location is found just below the centre-point between the eyes. This type of attentional bias could be partly innate, but also an inevitable developmental process that aids our ability to recognize faces. We investigated whether a group of people with developmental prosopagnosia would also demonstrate neurotypical first fixation locations when recognizing faces during an eye-tracking task. We found evidence that adults with prosopagnosia had atypically heterogeneous first fixations in comparison to controls. However, differences were limited to the vertical, but not horizontal, plane of the face. We interpret these findings by suggesting that subtle changes to face-based eye movement patterns in developmental prosopagnosia may underpin their face recognition impairments, and suggest future work is still needed to address this possibility.     

基因-脑-行为视角下的自伤行为产生机制

自伤是遗传与环境共同作用的结果。目前对于自伤行为的探讨已深入到基因及神经系统层面，基因-脑-行为的综合视角为客观揭示自伤产生机制提供了一条有效途径。本文将在已有研究的基础上，结合分子遗传学和神经生物学的最新成果，对自伤候选基因多态性及其可能的脑机制进行系统阐述，并提出今后应在基因多态性的交互作用及其脑机制、积极环境下自伤行为研究、自伤青少年的追踪研究以及自伤行为的系统性探讨等方面进一步深化。     

Feature integration is not the whole story of the sequence effects of symbolic cueing

ABSTRACT

Sequential modulations in symbolic cueing tasks have been attributed to complete versus partial repetition/alternation of stimulus features between consecutive trials. This feature-integration hypothesis is questioned by recent findings and further investigated in the present study. In the first two experiments, when the cueing axes switched between trials, only complete alternation of cue directions and target locations existed. Nevertheless, significant sequence effects were still found in this condition, which did not support the feature-integration hypothesis. Furthermore, although sequence effects were still significant when stimulus identities were manipulated in Experiment 3, it was abolished when different cue categories (gaze and arrow) were presented as cues in Experiment 4. The findings suggest that the integration of stimulus features is not the only source of the sequential effect and some higher level cognitive mechanisms, possibly as described in the task-file or task organization hypotheses, are involved in the sequential modulations of symbolic cueing.     

“西方马克思主义”论域的历史构形与逻辑边界

本文通过对"西方马克思主义"这一术语的形成史的缜密考证,揭开了围绕这一概念的种种迷雾。本文认为,尽管"西方马克思主义"这一论域并不存在刚性的、僵硬的逻辑边界,但这并不意味着它根本不存在相对确定的、可以用理性语言精确描述的逻辑边界,只不过这条边界线是弹性的、模糊的、因场景而变化的。本文还提出了四种不同的、但又可以共存的"西方马克思主义"概念。     

大学生认识论信念、自我调节学习与学业拖延的联系:有调节的中介模型

为探讨认识论信念、自我调节学习与学业拖延不同维度之间的作用机制及年级的调节作用，采用分层抽样，对山东省两所大学的1096名一至四年级大学生进行问卷测查。结果发现，自我调节学习在认识论信念与学业拖延程度之间起完全中介作用，在认识论信念与学业拖延问题/学业拖延降低期望之间起部分中介作用。较高的认识论信念有利于培养学生的自我调节学习能力，降低学业拖延程度，较少受学业拖延问题的困扰。并且随着年级的升高，认识论信念的积极作用倾向于降低。结论：年级因素在“认识论信念→自我调节学习→学业拖延”中的调节作用机制对于教学实践具有重要意义。     

从劳动逻辑到实践逻辑

马克思实践哲学面临了从劳动逻辑向实践逻辑提升和转换的需要,以拯救易被化约于"劳动"之中的伦理—政治型"实践"范畴的独立地位。但这项工作必须自觉区别于西方实践哲学传统的"实践"与"劳动"二分立场。马克思劳动概念中蕴含了属于它自身的伦理规范内涵,需要将这一伦理规范内涵释放出来,以完成向伦理—政治型实践范畴的过渡。     

大学生安全感对手机成瘾的影响:回避现实社交的中介作用

为有效预防和干预大学生的手机成瘾，本研究在失补偿假说的视角下探讨了安全感与手机依赖的关系，并检验现实社交回避在手机成瘾者和一般手机使用者中的中介作用。对420名在校大学生进行安全感量表、社交回避与苦恼量表、手机成瘾指数量表调查，结果发现此次调查中49.8%的大学生被界定为手机成瘾者，手机成瘾者的安全感显著低于一般手机使用者。手机成瘾者和一般手机使用者的安全感都显著负向预测手机依赖；但回避现实社交的中介效应只在手机成瘾者的安全感与手机依赖中显著，在一般手机使用者中不显著。本研究揭示了回避现实社交在手机成瘾者的安全感与手机依赖中的独特作用机制，为失补偿假说提供了实证支持，并为手机成瘾行为治疗开展安全感和社交干预提供了心理学依据。