Feature integration is not the whole story of the sequence effects of symbolic cueing

ABSTRACT

Sequential modulations in symbolic cueing tasks have been attributed to complete versus partial repetition/alternation of stimulus features between consecutive trials. This feature-integration hypothesis is questioned by recent findings and further investigated in the present study. In the first two experiments, when the cueing axes switched between trials, only complete alternation of cue directions and target locations existed. Nevertheless, significant sequence effects were still found in this condition, which did not support the feature-integration hypothesis. Furthermore, although sequence effects were still significant when stimulus identities were manipulated in Experiment 3, it was abolished when different cue categories (gaze and arrow) were presented as cues in Experiment 4. The findings suggest that the integration of stimulus features is not the only source of the sequential effect and some higher level cognitive mechanisms, possibly as described in the task-file or task organization hypotheses, are involved in the sequential modulations of symbolic cueing.     

试谈修道者的孤独与寂寞

在一般人眼里,修道者总是孤独与寂寞的.他们总是过着晨钟暮鼓,清灯伴黄卷,形单影孤的清淡生活,与世无争,常表现为孤独与寂寞的样子.但是为何多少年来,都有不少修道者,愿意过着这种生活方式呢?这种孤独与寂寞的生活方式里面,有什么原因值得这些修道者耗上毕生精力去做呢?是注定他们的生活方式就得这样呢?还是另有什么原因让他们有理由过上这种生活?下面就谈谈自己的看法.     

陈寅恪与佛教研究

佛教研究曾经是陈寅恪学术研究的一个重镇,也是他最为拿手的好戏之一,并且业已取得了为世人所瞩目的成就;但他最终还是放弃了对佛教的研究。本文首先概述陈寅恪学习、研究佛教的经历,然后论述其佛教研究论著,并且做出几点价值判断,最后剖析陈寅恪为什么放弃了对佛教的研究。     

Feasibility,acceptability and future adaptation of the Chinese translated Behavioural activation (C-BA) treatment for depression: A pilot study

Background: Although depression is prevalent among Chinese international students (CIS), only 4% of CIS seek treatment. Behavioural activation (BA) has been suggested as a culturally sensitive treatment for depression that has the potential to meet the clinical needs of CIS. The current pilot study tested the feasibility, acceptability and themes for future cultural adaptations of a Chinese translated BA treatment (C-BA) among CIS. Methods: Six CIS with elevated depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI ≥ 14) completed a six-session individual C-BA treatment and assessments at pre- and post-treatment and a 1-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures included treatment feasibility, acceptability and qualitative interview data informing future adaption of C-BA. Exploratory analyses examined group changes in depressive symptoms over time and clinically significant symptom changes on individual levels. Results: All participants found the treatment to be highly feasible and culturally acceptable, and were highly engaged in the treatment. Themes of future cultural adaptions were generated from the qualitative interviews. Significant decreases in depressive symptoms were observed at a one1-month post-treatment follow-up assessment. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests that C-BA has the potential to be a culturally sensitive treatment for depression among CIS. CIS demonstrated openness to psychotherapy and high treatment engagement.     

出土文献中的易卦符号再认识

目前所发现的出土文献中的易卦符号,不是数字卦,也就是说并非由数字构成。数字卦所谓的集中说,十进位数制说都不能成立。这些易卦仍然是由符号构成的,对出土的易卦符号要区别经文和实际占筮,在实际占筮中应该是由四象符号构成,而在经文中则就是阴阳卦画。出土文献中两组并列的易卦,一般看作是本卦和之卦的关系,但不符合本卦和之卦的出卦概率,而符合两次占卦的出卦概率,因而实际可能是两次占筮的结果。     

Whose promises are worth more? How social status affects trust in promises

Promises are among the most widely used tools for increasing trust in social hierarchies; yet the effect of social status on trust in promises is unknown. Here we used a modified version of the Trust Game, in which participants, acting as Investors, were paired with Trustees of varying social status who were given the opportunity to promise (or not) to return at least half of the multiplied amount (i.e., 4 × the amount invested). No return feedback was provided. Participants invested more in partners who promised than those who did not or whose promise information was concealed. Importantly, in both lab-manipulated (Exps. 1–3: math-induced) and pre-existing (Exp. 4: university-based) hierarchies, participants invested more in promises given by high status than low status partners. Post-experiment measures suggest that this may be due to greater expectations of honesty for high status than low status others. Potential explanations and implications are discussed.