慈善文化与和谐社会建设的伦理思考

慈善文化在构建社会主义和谐社会的历史进程中,是一种重要的精神力量。本文旨在对慈善文化与和谐社会关系问题进行一些探讨,主要从慈善文化的内涵及理念、中西方慈善文化内容的比较、慈善文化在社会转型期的作用以及如何推进慈善文化建设等方面展开论述,以求在理论与实践上给予准确的把握。     

On philosophical subjects and methods

With the consideration of some issues in contemporary philosophy, this thesis attempts to analyze being, thinking and language as philosophical subjects, and clear up the multiple meanings for each of them. It will also inquire the traditional methods in both Chinese and Western philosophy, and those in contemporary thinking. Finally, it puts forward a theory of “the critique without principles”. The thesis aims to explore a new way to solve the problems of contemporary philosophy by changing its subjects and methods. __________ Translated from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Studies), 2005 (3) by Cheng Xuemeng     

分类过程中汉字的语义提取(Ⅰ)

语义提取是认知心理学研究的重要领域之一。本研究从语词的意义与概念统一的观点出发,运用快速分类的方法,对汉字单字词范畴语义的提取做了初步的探讨。本研究的结果表明,汉字形声字的义符在汉字单字词的语义提取中具有重要的作用,这种作用在肯定和否定的反应里都存在:在肯定的反应里,当义符标明词的类属时起促进作用,当义符与词义不一致时起干扰作用;在否定的反应里,义符对语义判断有干扰作用。实验结果还表明,语义距离与词频在语义提取中也有重要的作用。     

海马齿状回突触效应的习得性长时程增强

本实验应用慢性埋植电极技术以电生理学给合行为学的方法,观察大白鼠海马齿状回在以视觉和味觉信号为条件信号的条件反应的建立、巩固和消退过程中突触效应的变化。结果表明在明暗辨别学习中出现突触效应长时程增强(LTD),其保持时间的长短与巩固性训练的多少呈正相关,LTP消退,习得行为也消退。对照实验证明它并非测试本身所引起,提示此习得性LTP与学习和记忆活动是密切相关的。但在建立条件性味觉厌恶中,却无LTP出现。这就从突触水平上进一步证明我们提出的海马在不同感觉信息的记忆活动中其作用是不同的及海马不仅在记忆的形成,而且在其保持和再现中也有重要作用的观点。     

彩色电视记忆肤色宽容度的实验研究

一、前 言 在彩电的色再现中,有关肤色宽容度的问题,早在五十年代初就被人们注意了。观众对再现的肤色的评价是凭他们的记忆或印象来评定的。人们对一些常见物体的颜色特别是肤色的记忆,又往往带有一定的倾向性。因此,所谓记忆肤色往往也就是优选肤色或喜     

中国劳动心理学三十年

一 西方的工业心理学从本世纪初开始被介绍到中国来,在30年代中期,有关这类文章的介绍为数渐多,同时也有些心理学家从事过为数不多的研究。但由于当时西方的工业心理学既不为厂主所重视,更不受工人群众的欢迎,所以长期以来,工业心理学没有在中国的土壤里生根发芽。     

婴幼儿消极行为特征与影响母亲抚养困难的因素

以５７２名１－６岁儿童的母亲为研究对象,探讨了婴幼儿消极行为特征在各年龄组的分布、与母亲抚养困难的关系,并考察了在儿童消极行为较多情况下,与母亲抚养困难有关联的若干因素。结果表明;１．儿童消极行为特征的分布在各年龄组水平上是相似的。２．儿童的消极行为特征与母亲的抚养困难有显著的正相关。３．在儿童消极行为较多的情况下,母亲的职业、文化程度、生产年龄、婚姻关系及获得社会支持的程度等因素与母亲抚养困难有密切的关系。     

Non-equilibrium dynamics as an indispensable characteristic of a healthy biological system

Healthy systems in physiology and medicine are remarkable for their structural variability and dynamical complexity. The concept of fractal growth and form offers novel approaches to understanding morphogenesis and function from the level of the gene to the organism. For example, scale-invariance and long-range power-law correlations are features of non-coding DNA sequences as well as of healthy heartbeat dynamics. For cardiac regulation, perturbation of the control mechanisms by disease or aging may lead to a breakdown of these long-range correlations that normally extend over thousands of heartbeats. Quantification of such long-range scaling alterations are providing new approaches to problems ranging from molecular evolution to monitoring patients at high risk of sudden death. We briefly review recent work from our laboratory concerning the application of fractals to two apparently unrelated problems: DNA organization and beat-to-beat heart rate variability. We show how the measurement of long-range power-law correlations may provide new understanding of nucleotide organization as well as of the complex fluctuations of the heartbeat under normal and pathologic conditions.     

重复启动条件下中文双字词的识别

采用重复启动的研究范式,研究了中文合成词与单纯词的识别．结果发现,在单字启动条件下与整词启动条件下,合成词与单纯词都存在显著的重复启动效应。单字启动与整词启动的启动量没有显著差异。合成词与单纯词１（成分字的构词数大于１）之间差异显著,合成词的识别快于单纯词１．但是,单纯词２（成分字的构词数等于１）的识别却快于合成词。实验还发现,合成词与单纯词１存在着明显的位置效应,位置１的启动效果大于位置２,实验结果主要支持了词素存储的假设,但有些结果不能用这种假设解释。     

Mentoring,job satisfaction,gender, and the legal profession

We examine the prevalence of mentoring among lawyers and the effect mentoring has on their employment situations, with special attention to gender differences. The data come from a 1989 cross-sectional survey of 1132 Georgia lawyers (80% white and 18% black). No significant difference in having mentors was found across racial categories. Results initially show female lawyers are more likely than males to have mentors, but this is due to gender differences in type of law practice and position in them; among associate-level lawyers in law firms there is no gender difference in having a mentor. Having a mentor improves lawyers' job satisfaction; and the size of this benefit is the same for both sexes.A revision of a paper presented at the 1992 annual meeting of the Southern Sociological Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 12.