与任务无关的刺激-反应联结对中老年人自动加工的影响

采用掩蔽启动范式,选取字母和数字作为刺激,任务因素为与当前任务无关的处于预备状态的刺激-反应联结,探讨自上而下的任务因素对中老年人自动加工过程的影响。发现中老年被试的自动反应激活过程不受到自上而下的当前无关的、处于预备状态的刺激-反应联结作用的影响,自动加工是完全自动化的。     

面向实践的技术知识——人类学视野的技术观

<正>近30年来,人类学对技术的研究已经将人们的技术观从人工物中心观和建构主义中心观推进到社会技术系统观。通过活动棱镜或者身体中介的引入,人和物被铸造成一个更加紧密的无缝之网,它是身体的、生理的、心理的、社会的、文化的以及物质的有机整体。这种新形成的技术观是一种更具经验性的、更少决定论的、更多建构论的和语境依赖性的技术意象。     

人工关节置换治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

老年股骨粗隆间骨折发病率越来越高,其治疗方法也多种多样,人工关节置换作为其中的一种治疗方法,随着它的优势越来越明显,逐渐受到关注.本文通过对国内外人工关节治疗老年粗隆间骨折的研究进行综述,为临床治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的方法提供选择.     

临床共情研究进展

共情是指站在对方角度思考问题,能认识、理解他人情感情绪的能力.自20世纪60年代起,以美国为主的西方国家开展大量关于共情临床应用的理论研究、实践调查和教育培训,结果显示临床共情的应用对改善医患关系、提高医疗效果、减少医疗纠纷、促进患者康复和增进医生职业成就感等方面都起着重要作用.     

Does high memory load kick task-irrelevant information out of visual working memory?

The limited capacity of visual working memory (VWM) requires the existence of an efficient information selection mechanism. While it has been shown that under low VWM load, an irrelevant simple feature can be processed, its fate under high load (e.g., six objects) remains unclear. We explored this issue by probing the “irrelevant-change distracting effect,” in which the change of a stored irrelevant feature affects performance. Simple colored shapes were used as stimuli, with color as the target. Using a whole-probe method (presenting six objects in both the memory and test arrays), in Experiment 1 we found that a change to one of the six shapes led to a significant distracting effect. Using a partial-probe method (presenting the probe either at the screen center or at a location selected from the memory array), in Experiment 2 we showed the distracting effect again. These results suggest that irrelevant simple features can be stored into VWM, regardless of memory load.     

Urban Latino school children's physical activity correlates and daily physical activity participation: a social cognitive approach

Guided by Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986), this study investigated the relationships between urban Latino children's physical activity (PA) correlates and their daily PA levels. The participants were 120 Latino children recruited from an urban elementary school. They completed questionnaires assessing their PA correlates (self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, social support, and physical and social environmental factor) and their one-week PA levels were measured by accelerometers. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between children's PA correlates and daily PA levels. Correlation analyses indicated that children's self-efficacy, social support, and physical and social environmental factor were positively related to their PA levels. Regression analyses further yielded that children's self-efficacy and social support emerged as significant contributors of their daily PA levels. However, outcome expectancy and physical and social environmental factor failed to predict PA levels. The findings were discussed in regard to the implications for practice and areas for future research.     

科技伦理责任观基本内容论析

当今时代,科技伦理失责问题日渐凸显,迫切需要构建科技伦理责任观,科学明晰科技伦理责任观的基本内容。本文认为科技伦理责任观的构建包括责任目标、责任主体、责任对象、责任原则和责任规范等基本内容,并对之作了分析和阐述。     

陕西耀县药王山南庵道教壁画初探

本文主要由四部分组成,对陕西省耀县药王山南庵道教壁画做了初步描述、分析探讨和求证解释。第一部分"引论",概述宫观壁画,介绍已有研究成果和存在的不同见解;第二部分"壁画的年代",从碑石文献和壁画中人物的衣纹服饰进行比较分析,验证壁画绘制的年代;第三部分"壁画内容与风格",通过历史文献研究、运用图像分析等方法确认壁画中的主要内容、绘画风格和艺术特点。第四部分"结论",对耀县药王山南庵道教壁画的创作时间、内容题材和艺术风格作一小结。     

“WHY BE MORAL?” The Cheng Brothers' Neo‐Confucian Answer

In this article, I present a neo‐Confucian answer, by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, to the question, “Why should I be moral?” I argue that this answer is better than some representative answers in the Western philosophical tradition. According to the Chengs, one should be moral because it is a joy to perform moral actions. Sometimes one finds it a pain, instead of a joy, to perform moral actions only because one lacks the necessary genuine moral knowledge—knowledge that is accessible to every common person as long as one makes the effort to learn. One should make the effort to learn such knowledge—to seek joy in performing moral actions—because to be moral is a distinguishing mark of being human. This neo‐Confucian answer seems to be egoistic, as its conception of motivation for morality is based on self‐interest: to seek one's own joy. However, since it emphasizes that one's true self‐interest is to seek joy in things uniquely human, which is to be moral, self‐interest and morality become identical; the more a person seeks one's self‐interest, the more moral the person is, and vice versa.     

公安三袁与道教

公安三袁在中国文学史上占有极为重要的地位,一般认为他们崇信佛教,而本文则考察了他们与道家道教的交往情况,认为他们在信仰佛教的同时,也尊崇道家道教,而且还有过养生学仙的经历.