我国科学技术与社会主义意识形态面临的发展性课题

科学技术与社会主义意识形态的关系是一个互动共进的关系。现代科学技术的发展和引进必定推进我国社会主义意识形态的发展,强化其功能,改变其作用方式。社会主义意识形态必须为我国科学技术发展提供价值导向、人文动力并克服消极的思想阻抗。     

支那内学院佛学史料三种

2009年11月,在北京法源寺中国佛教图书文物馆发现一部油印本文献,题作“《中论》等七种”,民国时期南京支那内学院编印。经仔细检读后,发现这部油印本由七种文献合订而成,包括《缘论会译》、《律学参考》、《支那内学院树因研究室办法》和《西藏佛学研究用品目录》等内学院佛学史料。其中《缘论会译》中从藏文译汉的《观所缘释论》,还是吕激当年译文初稿,与正式发表的定稿在文字上颇为不同。现将此《西藏译（观所缘释论）汉译初稿》（题目是整理者所拟）和《西藏佛学研究用品目录》整理刊出,并附吕激1961年7月2日所撰关于影印百衲本汉文大藏经意见书一封,供研究支那内学院历史和吕激佛学思想发展的学者参考。     

不同愉悦度面孔阈下情绪启动效应:来自ERP的证据

采用事件相关电位技术,研究阈下情绪启动效应。实验中的因素是阈下呈现的情绪启动面孔的愉悦度,分为高、低两个水平。被试的任务是对中性靶刺激面孔进行情绪判断。结果发现:被试在对靶刺激进行情绪判断时出现与启动刺激愉悦度趋于一致的启动效应;低愉悦度面孔作启动刺激条件下N1和P2的波幅显著大于高愉悦度面孔作为启动刺激的条件;不同愉悦度情绪面孔的阈下启动效应是由于启动刺激影响了对靶刺激的知觉加工所致。     

词汇的获得年龄效应:ERP研究

采用听觉呈现条件下的词汇判断任务和ERP技术探讨了汉语双字词获得年龄效应。结果发现:1)在行为数据上,同晚获得词相比,早获得词的反应时更短且错误率更低。2)在ERP数据上,早获得词和晚获得词所诱发的LPC(800m s~1000m s)的平均波幅存在显著差异,同晚获得词相比,早获得词所诱发的LPC波幅更大,且这种差异主要是在中央顶区,说明获得年龄是影响汉语双字词识别的一个重要因素,获得年龄效应出现在认知加工进程的后期。     

Similarities and differences in the perceptual structure of facial expressions of children and adults

We explored the perceptual structure of facial expressions of six basic emotions, varying systematically in intensity, in adults and children aged 7 and 14 years. Multidimensional scaling suggested that three- or four-dimensional structures were optimal for all groups. Two groups of adults demonstrated nearly identical structure, which had dimensions representing pleasure, potency, arousal, and intensity, despite the fact that one group was tested with a child-friendly “odd-man-out” paradigm and the other group was tested with a conventional similarity-rating paradigm. When tested with the odd-man-out paradigm, the 7-year-olds showed systematic structure, which differed from that of adults in both the meaning of some dimensions and the proximities among some of the expression categories. When tested with similarity judgments, the 14-year-olds showed an adult-like pattern on all measures except that their similarity judgments were more influenced by physical differences than were those of adults. We conclude that an adult-like representation of facial expressions develops slowly during childhood.     

Cultural group perception enhances sense of agency in a multicultural society

Group, which involves collective actions for achieving shared goals, can be conceptually understood as an important source of agency and control. The current research investigated whether group identity salience can enhance sense of agency within the individual. Specifically, we examined whether an activated cultural group identity, through presenting different types of cultural photographs in a predictable way, would facilitate people's sense of agency by using an implicit method, namely, intentional binding effect paradigm. Experiment 1a found that an activated cultural group identity enhanced the sense of agency. Next, Experiment 1b replicated the findings by recruiting a different ethnic group in the same society. Experiment 2 explored what may affect the intensity of induced sense of agency and found that perceived representativeness of the presented cultural stimuli was positively correlated with the intensity of induced sense of agency. Finally, Experiment 3 explored whether ethnic minority and majority groups would demonstrate different intensity of agency when their cultural identity was activated. The results showed that the sense of agency induced by the mainstream cultural stimuli was greater than that induced by the foreign cultural photographs. These patterns were not different between the two ethnic groups. Taken together, these findings reflected the dynamic nature of cultural identity construction in a multicultural society.     

Violent video games exposure and aggression: The role of moral disengagement,anger, hostility,and disinhibition

Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM), the current study investigated the interactive effect of personal factors (e.g., sensation-seeking) and situational factors (e.g., violent video games exposure [VVGE]) on the trait aggressive behavior, and the mediating role of individual difference trait (e.g., moral disengagement, anger, and hostility). We recruited 547 undergraduates (48.45% male) from five Chinese universities. The results showed that VVGE was positively associated with moral disengagement, disinhibition, and the four aggressive traits (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility), which were positively associated with each other. Moral disengagement was positively associated with both the disinhibition and the four aggressive traits. Disinhibition was positively associated with the four aggressive traits as well. When controlled for gender, moral disengagement, anger, and hostility wholly mediated the relationship between VVGE and aggression, but the moderation effect of disinhibition was not significant. These findings support the framework of GAM and indicate that moral disengagement, anger, and hostility may be the factors that increase the risk of a higher level of aggression following repeated exposure to violent video games.     

Body Surveillance Predicts Men’s and Women’s Perceived Loneliness: A Serial Mediation Model

Previous research on self-objectification mainly focuses on its influences on intrapersonal psychological distress whereas our study examined whether self-objectification would influence interpersonal distress (i.e., loneliness) and its corresponding mechanisms in a sample of American women and men recruited with MTurk. Participants’ self-objectification was indexed by their level of body surveillance, and we proposed that body surveillance would increase women’s and men’s tendency to experience shame about their body and decrease their general self-esteem, which would in turn predict their level of loneliness. A total of 373 Americans (235 women; Mdn_age?=?33 years-old, range?=?18–77) participated in the present study, and the results provided support for the proposed theoretical model. Specifically, we found that body surveillance positively predicted people’s body shame, and body shame negatively predicted self-esteem, which in turn predicted people’s loneliness. Moreover, this mediational model was not different between men and women. These results expand the scope of investigation by incorporating male samples, and they suggest that in addition to intrapersonal consequences, self-objectification can also influence people’s interpersonal well-being. Implications were discussed.

     

汉语把字句认知表征图式的实验研究

本文利用词汇再认作业,对构成把字句空间位移图式的认知表征机制进行了实验研究,结果显示,被试对把字句中受事起点的再认反应时要长于非把字句,这表明读者在把字句空间位移图式在读者的认知过程中具有心理现实性,支持了空间位移图式理论对把字句句法语义的解释。     

不同意识水平下的情绪启动

实验研究了不同意识水平下情绪启动的机制。我们采用带有褒贬意义的中文语句作为情绪刺激,要求被试在情绪刺激播放响度正常或极低的情境下对不熟悉的法语语句进行评价。结果显示无意识情绪启动显著;有意识情绪启动却未出现。我们认为无意识情绪启动是个体对刺激自动加工的结果;而个体在意识层面的认知加工可能会抑制已唤醒的情绪。另外,情绪刺激的不同排列方式对被试评价的倾向性可能有潜在的影响。