Attentional bias to emotional stimuli is altered during moderate- but not high-intensity exercise

Little is known regarding how attention to emotional stimuli is affected during simultaneously performed exercise. Attentional biases to emotional face stimuli were assessed in 34 college students (17 women) using the dot-probe task during counterbalanced conditions of moderate- (heart rate at 45% peak oxygen consumption) and high-intensity exercise (heart rate at 80% peak oxygen consumption) compared with seated rest. The dot-probe task consisted of 1 emotional face (pleasant or unpleasant) paired with a neutral face for 1,000 ms; 256 trials (128 trials for each valence) were presented during each condition. Each condition lasted approximately 10 min. Participants were instructed to perform each trial of the dot-probe task as quickly and accurately as possible during the exercise and rest conditions. During moderate-intensity exercise, participants exhibited significantly greater attentional bias scores to pleasant compared with unpleasant faces (p < .01), whereas attentional bias scores to emotional faces did not differ at rest or during high-intensity exercise (p > .05). In addition, the attentional bias to unpleasant faces was significantly reduced during moderate-intensity exercise compared with that during rest (p < .05). These results provide behavioral evidence that during exercise at a moderate intensity, there is a shift in attention allocation toward pleasant emotional stimuli and away from unpleasant emotional stimuli. Future work is needed to determine whether acute exercise may be an effective treatment approach to reduce negative bias or enhance positive bias in individuals diagnosed with mood or anxiety disorders, or whether attentional bias during exercise predicts adherence to exercise.     

青少年的父子关系、母子关系及其对抑郁的影响

以438名青少年为被试,考察青少年的亲子关系及其对抑郁的影响。结果发现：（1）青少年母亲支持高于父亲支持,母子冲突高于父子冲突,随年级升高,父母支持减少亲子冲突增多;（2）7年级仅亲子冲突显著预测抑郁,5、10年级父母支持和亲子冲突均显著预测抑郁,但5年级母亲支持和父子冲突仅预测女孩的抑郁;（3）对于10年级女孩,父女冲突较低时,母亲支持越高其抑郁越少,但父女冲突较高时,母亲支持并不能减缓其抑郁情绪。     

眼跳任务中的偏心距效应

采用完全被试内设计,控制了眼跳任务类型(朝向眼跳、反向眼跳)和目标偏心距水平,考察了大学生在两种眼跳任务中的偏心距效应,即目标刺激相对于屏幕中心的距离对于眼跳过程的影响.研究结果发现:(1)反向眼跳任务中的首次眼跳方向错误率显著高于朝向眼跳,眼跳潜伏期也显著较长.(2)在朝向和反向眼跳过程中,都出现了目标的偏心距效应,即随着目标偏心距的增大,眼跳潜伏期缩短,眼跳落点视角增大.     

身份的重构:儒生天主教徒对"十诫"的诠释

本文以明清之际儒生天主教徒论及"十诫"的著述为基础,探讨他们对"十诫"不同于耶稣会士的的诠释.文本诠释活动是建构身份的重要手段之一,本文关注儒生天主教徒如何通过对"十诫"的诠释而建构他们的身份,从而呈现本土文化对基督教在中国的文化植根所作的回应与贡献.     

基于示例学习的认知技能获得的研究

本文简要介绍了基于示例学习的认知技能获得的研究,涉及的问题包括示例学习的过程、影响认知技能获得的因素、认知技能获得中的练习和迁移等、在文章的最后,对这一领域的研究趋势进行了展望。     

Factor structure,validity, and reliability of the fear questionnaire in a Hong Kong Chinese population

This study examined the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Fear Questionnaire in Hong Kong. The sample consisted of 226 college students who were ethnic Chinese and they came from different parts of Hong Kong. Exploratory factor analysis produced three meaningful factors. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor model of Marks and Mathews (1979) in the present sample of subjects. Findings also showed that the Fear Questionnaire was both reliable and valid. Limitations of the study and implications for future research in this area were discussed. In particular, the need to assess the cross-cultural application of the Fear Questionnaire was stressed.This research project was supported by the Research and Conference Grants of the University of Hong Kong.     

Body Weight Reduction by Water Deprivation and Schedule-Induced Phenomena

On of the most important factors in the generation of schedule induced polydipsia, and schedule induced self-injection of drugs is the prior reduction of the animals' body weight to 80% of their free-feeding weight by food deprivation. It is suggested that reductio of body weight to 80% by water deprivation should produce similar results. The series of experiments reported here showed that rats reduced to 80% body weight by water deprivation did not develop either schedule-induced polydipsia or schedule induced wheelrunning. The results thus suggest that body weight reduction may not be a critical condition in the development of schedule-induced phenonmena.     

Mind Attribution to Gods and Christians in the Chinese Cultural Context

Drawing on the distinction in mind perception between agency and experience, this research examined whether and how culture-based religion affects mind attribution to gods and Christians in a religious priming paradigm. When attributing mind to gods in Study 1, participants in the religious priming condition attributed more agency to gods than those in the neutral condition. When attributing mind to human religious targets in Study 2, religious participants in the religious priming condition attributed more experience to a Christian target than those in the neutral condition, while atheist participants in the religious priming condition attributed less experience to a Christian target than those in the neutral condition. In addition, religious participants in the religious priming condition attributed more experience to an atheist target than those in the neutral condition. Taken together, mind attribution to religious targets varied on agency and experience, and showed its own cultural features in China.     

越描越黑

就在前不久的2005年2月26日,中央电视台新闻联播播放了一条新闻,表扬华中科技大学“建设网络教育新型平台,拓展思想政治教育领域”。报道中,华中科大党委副书记刘献君说:“过去我们的人文讲座,是在教室里面。现在大学生自己把它搬到网上直播……扩大了覆盖面,提高了教育效果。”点评:所谓“过去我们的人文讲座”,不知是否包括那个     

论美部会开辟中国传教站的背景与动因

1830年,美部会开辟了美国基督新教在中国的第一个传教站。作为美国首个派遣传教士来华的海外传教机构,美部会是中美早期文化交流的主要推动者。这一组织的旨趣根植于美国深厚的社会文化土壤之中:它是美国本土对印第安人传教活动的延续和发展,同时又受到了以爱德华兹、霍普金斯等宗教神学家为代表的新神学派的影响。在教会长期准备工作的基础上,经营广州同孚行的美国商人奥利芬的呼吁成为美部会派遣对华传教士的直接诱因,裨治文来华则正式拉开了美部会在华传教活动的序幕。