唯物史观视野中的社会工程哲学

社会工程哲学的兴起是21世纪以来中国哲学界的一个新创造,是对社会工程生成、发展、功能、规律的关注与追问:哲学以自己独有的方式追问究竟何谓社会工程,什么使得社会工程成为工程,社会工程与实践、生产是什么关系,社会工程对人和人类社会意味着什么.     

老年人心血管疾病的血糖控制

老年心血管疾病合并糖代谢异常者更多、危害更大.口服葡萄糖2小时后血浆葡萄糖检测可避免老年人糖代谢异常的漏诊.老年心血管病患者降糖要因人而异、因病而异,降糖要宽松治疗以免低血糖的发生,更强调综合治疗、合理联合应用降糖药物.     

The menstrual distress questionnaire: Are the critics right?

The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) is the most widely used method of assessing premenstrual symptomatology. It is also the most frequently criticized instrument in this field. A review of the criticisms made toward the MDQ revealed three major issues concerning the reliability and validity of this instrument and the sample from whom normative data were gathered. These issues were examined in light of 49 studies that used this instrument between 1968 and 1990. Many of the criticisms were found to be justified. A marked lack of adequate research into the MDQ’s reliability, problems associated with the normative sample, and uncertain validity were found. In particular, the MDQ appears to measure constructs unrelated to the menstrual cycle and define premenstrual syndrome inaccurately. In addition, the factor structure of this instrument may be unstable. These conclusions were tempered with the knowledge that the MDQ has not been utilized to its full potential in most of the research conducted to date.     

字符的知觉表征及其启动

实验以英文单词,汉字和图片为材料,采用速示补笔测验测量了大脑左右半球的启动效应。结果是,如果学习与测验的字体和大小不变,则视觉启动右半球高于左半球。其他材料不产生这种效应。这表明,至少有一个分离的系统对构成启动的汉字的视觉表征进行编码,此系统在右半球表征形状特异形状特异信息更有效;对字符抽象特征的表征,两半球无显著差异,速示补笔测量的是前语义水平的知觉表征,是一种知觉（数据驱动）内隐记忆测验。     

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex 5-HT6 receptors regulate anxiety-like behavior

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a very important role in decision-related and anxiety-related information processing. It has enriched 5-HT6 receptors; however, the precise role of dmPFC 5-HT6 receptors in anxiety remains to be fully investigated. In this study, we injected dmPFC with the 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088 and antagonist SB 271046 using stereotactic technology. 5-HT6 receptor activation in mice increased time spent in the center area on the open-field test, increased exploration of the open arms on the elevated plus maze test, and increased ratio on the social interaction test. 5-HT6 receptor inactivation induced the opposite effects. In brain slices, EMD 386088 decreased both spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), while SB 271046 only increased sEPSC. These effects of EMD 386088 and SB 271046 could be reversed by the GABA_A receptor antagonist bicuculline (BMI) and positive allosteric modulator clonazepam (CLZ), respectively. Our results suggest that neurotransmission in the dmPFC by 5-HT6 receptor activation and inhibition may play an important role in anxiety-like behavior, and may provide new insight into the pathological mechanism and potential target of anxiety disorders.     

The influence of induced mood on music preference

The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of different self-centered moods on music preference without listening to music. Participants’ affective state (sad vs. happy vs. neutral) were experimentally manipulated through the mood induction procedure, and then their preferences for music were ascertained through self-reports. To understand participants’ internal motivations for their choices, we also asked them to indicate how appropriate he/she felt it would be to select the different music types as well as why they made such choices. Results suggested that participants in a sad mood were inclined to listen to sad (and slow) music, those in a happy mood preferred to listen to happy (and fast) music, and those in a neutral mood did not consistently prefer to listen to neutral music. In addition, participants were averse to sad music when they were in a happy or neutral mood; while they showed no aversion to happy music when they were in a sad mood. In conclusion, individuals select valence-consistent music when they are in an autobiographical memory-induced mood state.     

西美尔关于现代宗教形而上学重建的构想——从外在的超验对象到内在的生命品性

在"生命"反抗"形式"的现代性文化境遇下,传统宗教也发生了现代转化,即宗教信仰成为宗教生命冲动的表达,这既使"宗教"由外在建构走向活生生的内在的"宗教性"生存,也面临着失去确定的形而上学目标的现代性困境。走出这一困境只能通过一条内在的精神的途径,就是将"灵魂的宗教性存在本身"视为"形而上学的价值",由此跳出主体需要和客体对象之间的二元对立,故而,确立起灵魂存在的形而上学宗教性的自觉意识和内在信仰是宗教现代性重建的关键。     

《论语》的“慎言”意识及其文体意义

＂慎言＂是孔子言说的重要原则,《论语》＂慎言＂意识的产生与＂言＂的神圣性、权威性,＂述而不作＂的文化理念及君子文化传统密切相关。＂慎言＂意识决定着《论语》的言说方式,体现在文体形式上必然有其独特性,并对后世文体产生了深远影响,它在某种程度上塑造了古代文体的形式规范和古代文学的风貌。     

社会支持与城市移民子女生活满意度：学校适应的中介作用

该研究以城市移民子女作为研究对象,主要探讨社会支持对城市移民子女生活满意度的影响及预测作用,以及学校适应在社会支持与生活满意度之间的作用机制。研究结果表明：1）社会支持、学校适应与城市移民子女的生活满意度均呈显著相关,社会支持对城市移民子女生活满意度具有显著的正向预测作用。2）学校适应在社会支持影响城市移民子女生活满意度中起部分中介作用,即社会支持可以直接影响生活满意度,也可以通过学校适应间接影响生活满意度。但社会支持对生活满意度的直接影响是最主要的影响路径。．     

Working memory deficits, increased anxiety-like traits, and seizure susceptibility in BDNF overexpressing mice

BDNF regulates components of cognitive processes and has been implicated in psychiatric disorders. Here we report that genetic overexpression of the BDNF mature isoform (BDNF-tg) in female mice impaired working memory functions while sparing components of fear conditioning. BDNF-tg mice also displayed reduced breeding efficiency, higher anxiety-like scores, high self-grooming, impaired prepulse inhibition, and higher susceptibility to seizures when placed in a new empty cage, as compared with wild-type (WT) littermate controls. Control measures of general health, locomotor activity, motor coordination, depression-related behaviors, and sociability did not differ between genotypes. The present findings, indicating detrimental effects of life-long increased BDNF in mice, may inform human studies evaluating the role of BDNF functional genetic variations on cognitive abilities and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders.