神经质人格迫选量表的开发及其抗作假效果研究

传统的迫选量表得分是自模式数据,最近提出的Thurstone IRT模型建构了被试对迫选量表反应的数学模型,能够更精确地度量被试的特质水平.研究自编了神经质人格迫选量表,与常用的测量神经质的Likert量表一起,在无压力、模拟应聘和实际应聘三种情境下进行施测.结果发现,迫选量表的实测数据能够较好地拟合Thurstone IRT模型,该模型估计的特质得分不具有自模式数据的性质,比传统计分更能够抵抗作假.无论采用哪种计分方式,迫选量表都比Likert量表更能够抵抗作假.     

Association of Depressive Symptomatology and Elder Mistreatment in a U.S. Chinese Population: Findings From a Community-Based Participatory Research Study

Elder mistreatment (EM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to examine the association between depressive symptoms and EM in a U.S. Chinese population. A community-based participatory research approach was implemented to partner with the Chicago Chinatown population. Self-reported EM was assessed using a modified Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale instrument. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the short form Geriatric Depression Scale. Exact logistic regression was used to assess these associations. Of the 78 participants, mean age was 74.8 (SD = 7.8) years and 52.6% were women. EM was reported in 20.5% of participants. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, higher numbers of depressive symptoms were independently associated with increased risk of EM (Exact OR, 1.99, 95% CI [1.23, 3.41]). Interaction terms analyses suggest that higher educational levels might buffer the risk of EM associated with depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings in this U.S. Chinese population.     

慢性心房颤动导管消融的若干争议

随着房颤消融技术的迅速发展和提高,阵发性房颤射频消融已列入I类推荐,慢性房颤射频消融也列入Ⅱa类适应证。肺静脉电隔离仍是慢性房颤消融的基石。但由于慢性房颤病因不一,机制更加复杂,除了肺静脉电隔离外,还需进行心房基质改良,其消融策略、术式、终点还存在若干争议。     

When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation

The present meta-analytic study introduces an overall model of the relationships between job embeddedness and turnover outcomes. Drawing on 65 independent samples (N = 42,907), we found that on-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness negatively related to turnover intentions and actual turnover, after controlling for job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job alternatives. In addition, the negative relationships between on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) and turnover criteria were stronger in female-dominated samples and public organizations (collectivistic countries). Finally, turnover intentions, job search behavior, and job performance fully (partially) mediated the effect of on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) on actual turnover. The research and practical implications of our findings are noted, in light of study limitations and future research needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).     

Going my way? The benefits of travelling in the same direction

Couples' marital satisfaction can depend on whether they commute to work in the same or different directions. Two surveys, conducted in the United States and Hong Kong, showed that partners' satisfaction with their relationship was greater when they traveled to work in the same direction than when they traveled in different directions. This was true regardless of whether the partners left for work at the same or different times. A controlled laboratory study eliminated alternative interpretations of the survey findings, showing that even randomly paired participants reported greater attraction to one another when they walked to an experimental task in the same direction rather than in different directions.     

GSK-3β activity in the hippocampus is required for memory retrieval

Several molecules were recently found to be important for the memory retrieval process in the hippocampus; however, the mechanisms underlying the memory retrieval remain poorly understood. GSK-3β has been implicated in the control of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Here, we investigated the relationship between hippocampal GSK-3β activity and memory retrieval using behavioral and Western blotting methods. We found that GSK-3β was activated in the hippocampus after a retention session in the passive avoidance task. An intrahippocampal injection of the GSK-3β inhibitor, SB 216763, before the retention session blocked memory retrieval (but not reconsolidation) without affecting locomotor activity. These results suggest that GSK-3β activation would be essential for memory retrieval in the hippocampus.     

复杂性科学研究中的两个哲学问题思考

复杂性科学研究,在科学方法和应用研究方面已取得不容置疑的进展。然而,科学研究并未因此而进入“澄明”之境。科学界倒是出现了“从复杂性到困惑”这样的情绪。[1]如果说“超越还原论”的革命口号曾让我们激动,科学社会的荣誉动机和批判意向已被牵发,那么我们就应该尝试走出“困惑”。本文拟就复杂性科学研究中的两个哲学问题进行初步思考,以期能抛砖引玉。一整体与部分关系问题作为一对基本哲学范畴,整体与部分的关系是近代以来科学分析方法和现代系统科学方法共同的、最重要的本体论基础。“整体等于部分和”是分析方法的哲学基石。[2]然…     

顾炎武与清代学术之转向

本文对清初至乾嘉时期的学术走向进行了重新考察,试图表明明清之际的学术实质一直存在着学术以"为道"这一本原性价值追求与以博文为形式的单纯"为学"之间的内在紧张.作者首先对明末清初学术之大势进行了概要性叙述,对梁启超关于顾炎武为"清学"开山之说提出了商榷意见,认为乾嘉"汉学"实不足以承续顾氏的学术精神,推顾氏为"清学"开山,也未足以推崇顾氏.文字训诂名物典制的考证之学,本质上是疏离于甚至逸出于"明道"的学术传统的,不仅未能上接顾氏学术的根本义旨,而且也为戴震学术的某种质变形式.而"宋学"的重新张扬与"今文学派"的重登舞台,在思想史的意义上,则表明学术以"明道"这一本原性价值取向在现实性上的重新挺立,所以将"汉宋之争"以及"今古文之争"仅视为"门户之争"并不恰当,是忽略了其思想史意义的."宋学"与"今文学"的合流,既导致以考证为特征的"汉学"衰微,也使"明道"再次成为学术主题,并由此而转向于社会现实的激烈批判,中国学术正由此而进入于近代.     

陕甘宁边区劳模运动的政治分析

抗日战争时期,陕甘宁边区为了解决严重的经济困难,采取了很多方法,诸种方法中影响较大且别具特色的是劳模运动.劳模运动的基本目的是为边区政权的存续提供经济支持,其得以开展的必要条件是政治推动.劳模运动还寄托了远大的政治期待,其发展方向是组织起来,其政治追求是平等和合法性.陕甘宁边区开展劳模运动的做法是建国后通过政治典型进行政治动员的肇端.总结这场运动的经验教训至今仍有较强的现实意义.