神经质人格迫选量表的开发及其抗作假效果研究

传统的迫选量表得分是自模式数据,最近提出的Thurstone IRT模型建构了被试对迫选量表反应的数学模型,能够更精确地度量被试的特质水平.研究自编了神经质人格迫选量表,与常用的测量神经质的Likert量表一起,在无压力、模拟应聘和实际应聘三种情境下进行施测.结果发现,迫选量表的实测数据能够较好地拟合Thurstone IRT模型,该模型估计的特质得分不具有自模式数据的性质,比传统计分更能够抵抗作假.无论采用哪种计分方式,迫选量表都比Likert量表更能够抵抗作假.     

慢性心房颤动导管消融的若干争议

随着房颤消融技术的迅速发展和提高,阵发性房颤射频消融已列入I类推荐,慢性房颤射频消融也列入Ⅱa类适应证。肺静脉电隔离仍是慢性房颤消融的基石。但由于慢性房颤病因不一,机制更加复杂,除了肺静脉电隔离外,还需进行心房基质改良,其消融策略、术式、终点还存在若干争议。     

When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation

The present meta-analytic study introduces an overall model of the relationships between job embeddedness and turnover outcomes. Drawing on 65 independent samples (N = 42,907), we found that on-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness negatively related to turnover intentions and actual turnover, after controlling for job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job alternatives. In addition, the negative relationships between on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) and turnover criteria were stronger in female-dominated samples and public organizations (collectivistic countries). Finally, turnover intentions, job search behavior, and job performance fully (partially) mediated the effect of on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) on actual turnover. The research and practical implications of our findings are noted, in light of study limitations and future research needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).     

Going my way? The benefits of travelling in the same direction

Couples' marital satisfaction can depend on whether they commute to work in the same or different directions. Two surveys, conducted in the United States and Hong Kong, showed that partners' satisfaction with their relationship was greater when they traveled to work in the same direction than when they traveled in different directions. This was true regardless of whether the partners left for work at the same or different times. A controlled laboratory study eliminated alternative interpretations of the survey findings, showing that even randomly paired participants reported greater attraction to one another when they walked to an experimental task in the same direction rather than in different directions.     

GSK-3β activity in the hippocampus is required for memory retrieval

Several molecules were recently found to be important for the memory retrieval process in the hippocampus; however, the mechanisms underlying the memory retrieval remain poorly understood. GSK-3β has been implicated in the control of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Here, we investigated the relationship between hippocampal GSK-3β activity and memory retrieval using behavioral and Western blotting methods. We found that GSK-3β was activated in the hippocampus after a retention session in the passive avoidance task. An intrahippocampal injection of the GSK-3β inhibitor, SB 216763, before the retention session blocked memory retrieval (but not reconsolidation) without affecting locomotor activity. These results suggest that GSK-3β activation would be essential for memory retrieval in the hippocampus.     

范畴变量对虚假记忆的影响

以中文词为材料,考察范畴样例重复,样例熟悉性、典型性和范畴大小对虚假再认的影响。实验1表明,随着范畴样例增加,虚假再认也增加。实验2表明,对高熟悉的样例虚假再认多。实验3表明,对高典型样例更易虚假再认。实验4表明,和大范畴样例比,对小范畴样例有更多的虚假再认。整个结果可以用激活扩散理论统一地加以解释     

肝癌肝移植与放弃治疗的伦理选择

探讨我国肝癌肝移植现状及其伦理要求.在我国卫生资源短缺且分配不公的形式下,肝移植手术大幅度增长的背后隐藏的是尖锐的伦理冲突.后现代主义哲学与伦理学,尤其是生命价值理论对放弃治疗予以理论支撑.在肝癌肝移植与放弃治疗的伦理冲突中,做出公平审慎的选择.     

EFL大学生英文写作元认知的因素及发展趋势

该研究通过文献查阅、访谈、问卷调查、测验等方法编制了《汉语为母语的EFL大学生英文写作元认知量表》,由英文写作元认知知识(优点了解、缺点了解、语言策略知识、作文标准了解)、体验(完成感、努力感)和调控(准备与计划、监督与调节)三个维度构成,内部一致性信度较高;元认知知识对作文水平的区分度最高。大学生英文写作元认知从1年级到3年级逐渐提高,2~3年级的发展速度快于1~2年级。     

60年代以后苏联心理学对自我意识问题的研究述略

本文概要介绍了60年代以后,特别是80年代以来苏联心理学对自我意识的研究。这些研究主要有四个方面:1.自我意识的实质、地位和发展因素;2.自我意识的结构;3.自我意识的发生;4.对西方自我意识研究的态度。作者认为,苏联心理学对自我意识的研究始终坚持了唯物主义传统;苏联对自我意识的研究70年代以后达到一个新的水平,但仍有很多问题没解决;苏联心理学者近期十分注意西方学者对自我意识的研究,但在研究的广度、实验技术和已积累的资料等方面,距西方仍有一定距离。     

婴幼儿消极行为特征与影响母亲抚养困难的因素

以５７２名１－６岁儿童的母亲为研究对象,探讨了婴幼儿消极行为特征在各年龄组的分布、与母亲抚养困难的关系,并考察了在儿童消极行为较多情况下,与母亲抚养困难有关联的若干因素。结果表明;１．儿童消极行为特征的分布在各年龄组水平上是相似的。２．儿童的消极行为特征与母亲的抚养困难有显著的正相关。３．在儿童消极行为较多的情况下,母亲的职业、文化程度、生产年龄、婚姻关系及获得社会支持的程度等因素与母亲抚养困难有密切的关系。