审美的测量:美术能力倾向测验的回顾与展望

美术能力倾向测验对美术人才的识别和选拔具有重要意义。现有测验可分为审美能力测量和艺术创作能力测量两种,其中审美能力测量的测验又可以分为审美判断测验和判断后选择判断理由的两种形式。但以往研究缺乏对审美知觉能力维度的实证研究、没有区分“主观美”和“客观美”,以及缺乏对各类型美术能力倾向测验效度的比较研究。未来可加深对审美知觉能力维度的实证研究,开发多类型美术能力判断测验并比较其效度,开发适用于小学生的美术能力倾向测验,以及开发适合我国国情的美术能力倾向测验。     

大学生自尊与微信成瘾：状态焦虑和网络人际信任的中介作用

摘要 为探究大学生微信成瘾的原因及其心理机制,采用自尊量表、网络人际信任量表、状态焦虑量表和微信成瘾量表对931名来自三所高校的大学生进行调查。结果表明：（1）自尊与焦虑、微信成瘾显著负相关;焦虑与网络人际信任显著负相关;网络人际信任、焦虑与微信成瘾显著正相关。（2）自尊对微信成瘾有显著的直接预测作用,而且能够通过焦虑、以及焦虑和网络人际信任的链式中介作用间接对微信成瘾产生影响。研究结果对减少大学生微信成瘾具有一定的借鉴意义。     

社会支持的利用度与流动儿童心理韧性的关系:自尊的中介作用

采用社会支持量表、自尊量表和青少年心理韧性量表,对石河子市450名流动儿童进行调查,来探讨流动儿童社会支持与心理韧性的关系,并检验自尊的中介作用,其中社会支持由社会支持的利用度表征。结果表明:(1)社会支持的利用度与流动儿童的心理韧性呈正相关。(2)自尊在社会支持的利用度与心理韧性中起到部分中介作用。社会支持的利用度通过自尊对流动儿童的心理韧性产生更积极的效果。     

The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in patients with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A number of studies have reported the suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempts (SA) of patients with rheumatic diseases. However, the estimated prevalence of those disorders varies substantially between studies. This systematic review aimed to describe the prevalence of SI and SA in rheumatic diseases. Literature search was done using Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane database library, PubMed and CNKI database through June 2017. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using STATA version 12.0. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted on all eligible data. A total of 17 identified studies matched the inclusion criteria, involving 5174 participants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM). Meta-analysis showed that rheumatic diseases patients have high prevalence of SI (26%, 95% CI: 19%-32%, I²=96.2%) and SA (12%, 95% CI: 3%-21%, I²=96.6%). We also found the prevalence of SI and SA in females may be higher than in males. All of these indicated that rheumatologists should screen for SI and SA in their patients. Early appropriate intervention is therefore essential to promote the patients’ good mental health.     

The Relationship Between the Gender Gap in Subjective Well-Being and Leisure Activities in China

This study explains the observed gender gap in subjective well-being (SWB) in China using heterogeneous marginal utility derived from leisure hours. We find that women in China exhibit higher levels of well-being than men and that there is a conditional unexplained gender gap in SWB ranging between 0.15 and 0.17. This conditional gap can be partly (30–40%) explained by the gender difference in the marginal utility of leisure hours. Meanwhile, we find a strong negative effect of hours spent on housework. These findings are robust to a variety of model specifications and subsamples.     

Clergy Wellness: An Assessment of Perceived Barriers to Achieving Healthier Lifestyles

This study sought to obtain a better understanding of how clergy view their health and to investigate their self-reported health status. Additionally, this study sought to explore personal and professional barriers among clergy to living a healthier life. An electronic 32-item survey was sent to all practicing clergy in Kansas East and West conferences of United Methodist church by the Kansas Area Office of the United Methodist Church. Survey items included participants’ demographic information and health conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol). The self-reported general health, mental health, and physical health data were also collected to compare to the general population in Kansas. Clergy were also asked to identify perceived barriers to health. A total of 150 clergy participated in the survey. The majority (93.7 %) self-reported their health as good, very good, or excellent. Participating clergy self-reported a higher prevalence of chronic diseases (diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol) than the Kansas general population, but those differences were not statistically significant. More than three-fourths (77.4 %) of the participating clergy reported weights and heights that classified them as either overweight or obese. Lack of family time was the most frequently reported personal barrier to achieving a healthier lifestyle. An unpredictable work schedule was reported as the most frequent professional barrier to achieving a healthier lifestyle. This study suggests that Kansas clergy generally view their overall health status favorably despite being overweight or obese. Clergy also self-reported higher prevalence of chronic diseases than the general Kansas population, though the prevalence was not statistically different. This study provides additional insight into clergy health and offers suggestions to address the barriers preventing clergy from working toward better health.     

Reevaluating the two-representation model of numerical magnitude processing

One debate in mathematical cognition centers on the single-representation model versus the two-representation model. Using an improved number Stroop paradigm (i.e., systematically manipulating physical size distance), in the present study we tested the predictions of the two models for number magnitude processing. The results supported the single-representation model and, more importantly, explained how a design problem (failure to manipulate physical size distance) and an analytical problem (failure to consider the interaction between congruity and task-irrelevant numerical distance) might have contributed to the evidence used to support the two-representation model. This study, therefore, can help settle the debate between the single-representation and two-representation models.     

Dissociable effects of fear and disgust in proactive and reactive inhibition

Numerous studies have demonstrated that negative emotional distracters impair inhibitory control. Nevertheless, two issues have emerged in prior studies. First, fear and disgust were inappropriately treated as a single category, which is particularly concerning given that they have been recently demonstrated to exert different impacts on inhibitory control. Second, inhibitory control might not be a unitary construct, as it can be further divided into proactive and reactive inhibition. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether fearful and disgusting distracters have differential effects on proactive and reactive inhibition. Twenty-four female participants were instructed to perform a modified stop-signal task superimposed on a fearful, disgusting, or neutral image cue. Results showed that fearful distracters improved reactive inhibition when compared to disgusting and neutral distracters, while disgusting distracters enhanced proactive inhibition when compared to fearful distracters. Further, reactive and proactive inhibition was positively correlated under fearful, disgusting, and neutral contexts. This study is the first to provide evidence that fear and disgust may affect proactive and reactive inhibition differently. These results add to a growing literature linking emotion and inhibitory control, and they expand our understanding of the relationship between emotion and inhibition.     

社交网络（SNS）中的自我呈现及其影响因素

基于符号互动论而提出的自我呈现概念及其理论,以往常被用于解释人们现实生活中的面对面人际互动行为。近些年。社交网络逐渐成为人际互动行为发生的重要场域。由于社交网络自身的独特之处,人们在社交网络中的自我呈现,与现实面对面、传统计算机媒介交流中的自我呈现有诸多不同。社交网络中的自我呈现更受到目标观众、动机、人格特征、性别和文化等方面的显著影响。西方的“富者更富理论”和“社会补偿理论”,在解释社交网络中自我呈现现象本质时各执一词,而国内的“补充我／补偿我理论”或许能较好地解决这一理论问题。未来的SNS自我呈现研究应在扩展被试群体范围、SNS网站种类和影响因素变量几方面继续前行。