Effects of rater goals on rating patterns: evidence from an experimental field study

The goal-based perspective of performance appraisals suggests that raters who pursue different goals give different performance ratings. Yet previous studies have not provided strong empirical evidence that there are different impacts of different goals on mean rating and discriminability, nor have they provided evidence of a goal-rating causality. The authors extend the literature by manipulating rater goals in the context of peer evaluations of graded group projects with a sample of 104 undergraduate students. They find that (a) pursuing a harmony goal increased mean rating and decreased discriminability, and (b) pursuing a fairness goal increased mean rating and decreased discriminability when the group projects had not ended and increased mean rating but did not change discriminability when the group projects had ended.     

Family Conflicts,Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms,and Suicidal Ideation of Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong

Applied Research in Quality of Life - The present study examined the relationship between parent–adolescent conflict and adolescent suicidal ideation in Hong Kong, China. Depression and...     

Social influence of a coworker: A test of the effect of employee and coworker exchange ideologies on employees’ exchange qualities

Integrating social comparison and social influence perspective within a social exchange theoretical framework, we examine how the exchange ideologies of employees and their coworkers affect the quality of the employees’ social exchanges. Drawing from social exchange theory, we hypothesize that the exchange ideology of a focal employee has a negative relationship with the quality of his/her social exchange with the organization (i.e., felt obligation) and the quality of his/her social exchange with a leader (i.e., leader–member exchange), both of which are related to task performance. Furthermore, we propose that a coworker close to the employee acts as a social referent and provides cues to exert influence on these relationships. Using data collected from 374 (employee–coworker–manager) triads in Hong Kong, we find support for the aforementioned relationships as well as the moderating roles of a coworker’s exchange ideology.     

跨文化（中国人）个性测量表青少年版（CPAI-A）的香港标准化研究 ——兼顾文化共通性与特殊性的人格测量

以跨文化（中国人）个性测量表（CPAI-2）的成人版为基础,综合运用文化共通性（etic）和文化特殊性（emic）方法发展了相应的青少年版个性测量工具——CPAI-A,并在香港青少年人群中进行了标准化研究。结果表明CPAI-A有良好的信度和清晰的因素结构。文章从理论和实证两方面深入分析了学界日益关注的从青少年到成人人格的发展性与稳定性问题,以及人格特质评估的文化共通性与特殊性问题。最后建议CPAI-A量表发展的历程可能是融合本土化与跨文化人格评估发展过程中一条非常值得借鉴的思路     

Clinical utility of the Cross-Cultural (Chinese) Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI-2) in the assessment of substance use disorders among Chinese men

This study examined the clinical utility of the Cross-Cultural (Chinese) Personality Inventory (CPAI-2) in differentiating the personality characteristics of Chinese men with substance use disorders from other psychiatric patients and normal control participants. The CPAI-2 profile of 121 Chinese men with substance use disorders was contrasted with that of a matched psychiatric comparison group (n = 172) and a normal comparison group (n = 187). Multivariate analyses of variance and logistic regression results supported the utility of the CPAI-2 clinical scales, especially Pathological Dependence, Antisocial Behavior, and Depression, for assessing substance use disorders. The Pathological Dependence scale (cutoff T score of 64) achieved good sensitivity and specificity. Apart from the universal personality traits related to neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness found in Western studies, the indigenously derived CPAI-2 personality scales, including Family Orientation and Harmony, highlighted deficits in social adjustment and interpersonal relationship as important cultural features in the personality characteristics of these participants. The study provided a cross-cultural extension to research on the relationship between personality and substance use disorders and could assist clinicians in considering culturally relevant treatment approaches.     

Exploring self‐esteem of Hong Kong Chinese adults cardiac diseases

Low self‐esteem appears to be both a vulnerability factor for cardiac diseases and a result of cardiac diseases. Thus enhancing self‐esteem might facilitate recovery and/or help to prevent recurrence. Since some evidence suggests that self‐esteem might even serve as an important gauge of cardiac rehabilitation, it is therefore important to know more of the construct of self‐esteem to enable the planning of a more promising rehabilitation process. This paper explores the source and basis of the self‐esteem of Hong Kong Chinese with cardiac diseases. One hundred and fifty‐two adults with cardiac diseases and 146 adults not suffering from any major illness participated in this study. The Adult Source of Self‐Esteem Inventory (ASSEI) (Elovson & Fleming, 1989), open‐ended questions on self‐evaluation, and interviewing were the major procedures used to identify the sources and basis of the self‐esteem of persons with and without cardiac diseases. The subjects' important life aspects were identified through interpreting their responses to open‐ended questions and interviews. Moreover, a structured questionnaire on their subjective perceptions of importance and satisfaction in different life areas was used to identify the relationships between discrete self‐concept variables. Factor analysis of their responses to the 20 ASSEI items revealed four factors, namely, Interpersonal Relationship, Personal Quality, Physical Self, and Personal Achievement. We also examined and compared the means and ranks of the ASSEI items as indicated by the subjects. Content analysis of open‐ended questions further confirmed the self‐esteem domains of persons with cardiac diseases. The discrepancy of ideal‐actual physical abilities was found to be more prominent in the cardiac group. It was also found that family is an important entity to Chinese individuals with cardiac diseases. Implications of the findings to rehabilitation of persons with cardiac diseases were also discussed.     

中小学教师的品质,行为特征及其相互关系的研究

本文经实验研究表明大多数教师属于积极性人格类型,即情绪稳定,社会适应性良好。另外表明Y－G测验的结果能够作为教师品质行为特征的指标之一。     

中文阅读中的字形与语音加工

该文报告两个探讨字形及语音加要于中文阅读中所起之作用的实验。基本实验作业是让被移动鼠标以阅读计算机屏幕逐字呈现之短文。计算机记录文中个别单字中呈现时间作为反映阅读理解即时加工的因变量。在每篇文章中段都有一关键字,用来观察在此字位置出现原字、同音字、形似字或无关字对阅读所造成的影响。结果发现,在阅读初期,同音字、形似字及无关字所造成的干扰效应,无论在效果大小及出现位置上并无差异。别外,干扰效应在同音