文化和情境影响亲属词的概念结构

以摩梭人和汉族的高中生为对象,采用自由分类法,考察在满月酒、结婚和吊唁情境的亲属词概念结构,揭示微观文化情境对亲属关系认知的影响以及与宏观文化情境的交互作用。结果发现:(1)在不同情境下,摩梭人和汉族人对亲属词的分类既有相同之处,又存在差异。两个民族都看重"亲属的亲密程度"和"辈分",但摩梭人还区分"照顾者/被照顾者",汉族人还考虑"性别"和"亲属关系的性质";(2)摩梭人对亲属词的分类体现了母系文化的特征,重视舅舅和外甥在亲属关系中的地位和作用;汉族人对亲属词的分类体现了汉文化的特征,重视媳妇和孙辈在亲属关系中的地位和作用。(3)亲属概念具有核心特征与情境依赖特征。文化和情境通过概念特征的激活和分类标准的采择影响对亲属词的分类。     

Experimental investigations of TB2 alloy by pack boriding with rare-earth oxides

ABSTRACT

An orthogonal test with four factors, namely temperature, time, type of rare-earth oxides (REOs) and REO content, was performed to obtain the optimised boriding parameters of TB2 alloy by pack boriding with REOs. It is found that temperature has the strongest effect on the boride layer thickness, while time has the strongest effect on the surface hardness and coefficient of friction. The optimum parameters for pack boriding of TB2 alloy with REO are a temperature of 1373?K, a time of 20?h, La₂O₃ as the REO with a content of 4?wt.%.     

Individual differences in false memory from misinformation: Cognitive factors

This research investigated the cognitive correlates of false memories that are induced by the misinformation paradigm. A large sample of Chinese college students (N=436) participated in a misinformation procedure and also took a battery of cognitive tests. Results revealed sizable and systematic individual differences in false memory arising from exposure to misinformation. False memories were significantly and negatively correlated with measures of intelligence (measured with Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), perception (Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, Change Blindness, and Tone Discrimination), memory (Wechsler Memory Scales and 2-back Working Memory tasks), and face judgement (Face Recognition and Facial Expression Recognition). These findings suggest that people with relatively low intelligence and poor perceptual abilities might be more susceptible to the misinformation effect.     

Mapping the central structure core in social representation of pain

Previous evidence had revealed gender differences in perception of pain and its socialization. The present research studies gender differences by mapping the central structure core in social representation of pain. Eighty males and eighty females participated in a free evocation task for collecting cognitive elements of “pain.” By defining the elements as nodes and their co‐occurrences as lines, structural characteristics of social representation are analyzed by network analysis. Females have a central structure core in their network structure of social representation of pain. In contrast, males have no such core. These results suggest gender differences in socialization processes around the concept of pain and extend practical methods for studies of the central nucleus theory of social representation.     

Biological motion cues trigger reflexive attentional orienting

The human visual system is extremely sensitive to biological signals around us. In the current study, we demonstrate that biological motion walking direction can induce robust reflexive attentional orienting. Following a brief presentation of a central point-light walker walking towards either the left or right direction, observers' performance was significantly better on a target in the walking direction compared with that in the opposite direction even when participants were explicitly told that walking direction was not predictive of target location. Interestingly, the effect disappeared when the walker was shown upside-down. Moreover, the reflexive attentional orienting could be extended to motions of other biological entities but not inanimate objects, and was not due to the viewpoint effect of the point-light figure. Our findings provide strong evidence that biological motion cues can trigger reflexive attentional orienting, and highlight the intrinsic sensitivity of the human visual attention system to biological signals.     

Repetition与激进解释学的理论取向

On the basis of current western philosophical readings,this article recommends two relevant subjects:one is the concept of radical hermeneutics,which represents a new descent of Hermeneutics; another is that of repetition,which is thought a basic concept of radical hermeneutics. Following the distinction between Platonic repetition and Nietzschean mode of repetition ,the article develops a theoretical clue from Kierkegaard and Heidegger to Deleuze and Derrida.     

重构经济学的伦理维度--对经济与伦理、经济学与伦理学关系的反思

经济与伦理都以利益为共同基础与最终指向,二者都有规则的含义,都体现了人类的理性原则。但这并不否定两者之间所存在的差异和冲突。经济与伦理的冲突是由社会分工为前提的实践方式的分化所引起的,是以经济学与伦理学的分工为前提的。构建经济学的伦理维度,旨在用人类整体理性方式来反思经济活动及经济主体之间的关系,从而为市场经济秩序提供伦理辩护,奠定经济发展的价值基础。     

残疾人大学生领悟社会支持对主观幸福感的影响:自我同情的中介作用

探讨残疾人大学生领悟社会支持、自我同情与主观幸福感的关系。采用领悟社会支持量表、幸福感指数量表、大学生自我同情量表对普通高等特殊教育学校206名在校残疾人大学生进行了调查研究。结果表明:(1)残疾人大学生领悟社会支持与自我同情存在显著正相关,与主观幸福感存在显著正相关; 自我同情与主观幸福感存在显著正相关。(2)残疾人大学生领悟社会支持不能直接预测主观幸福感,但通过自我同情的中介作用间接预测主观幸福感。自我同情在残疾人大学生领悟社会支持与主观幸福感的关系中起完全中介作用。     

不同年级学生词边界划分的发展研究

汉语书写系统中不存在明显的词边界,中文读者对于词的划分存在较大的差异。词意识和词性均是影响这一差异的因素,本研究从发展的角度来探讨这两个因素是如何作用于词边界划分的。实验分别选取三年级、五年级、八年级及高二年级学生完成词切分任务。结果发现:(1)词切分认同率随年级的升高而降低,切分出来的词单元逐渐增大;(2)词切分认同率随年级变化的趋势会因词性的不同而发生变化,助词、形容词前、连词和介词后的切分认同率与总体趋势保持一致,但形容词前、数词、量词和介词前的切分认同率并未随年级的变化而变化。结果表明,词意识对中文读者词切分的影响受到词性的调节。