论马克思主义宗教观中国化的基本经验

在推进马克思主义宗教观中国化的历史进程中,党积累了丰富的经验,这就是:马克思主义宗教观中国化要与党在革命、建设和改革各个不同时期社会和宗教实际相结合,要与党的总任务、总路线、总方针和总政策相一致,必须体现时代性;要研究中国宗教的特点,找出其中带规律性的东西,并采取相应的路线、方针、政策和措施,必须把握规律性;要从本国宗教的实际情况出发,在坚持马克思主义宗教观的基础上,在理论、制度、方针和政策上有所创新,必须富于创造性。     

系列项目时间和空间信息学习的分组效应研究

运用顺序回忆方法考察分组对系列项目时间和空间信息学习的影响。包括两个实验,实验一考察简化时间上的分组,或事先告知被试分组规则的情况下,分组是否会有助于时间顺序信息的学习。结果发现,这两个操作对时间顺序信息学习的促进作用不显著。实验二考察了垂直维度上不同形式的分组对空间位置信息学习的影响。结果发现,不同的分组方式对空间位置信息学习所起的作用不同。本研究支持了时间和空间两类顺序信息学习的内在过程不同,不应该用同一理论机制进行解释。     

自尊对自我确认倾向的影响:来自人际选择的证据

采用改编后的“整体自尊问卷”和“交谈自尊问卷”筛选出整体自尊和交谈自尊高低不同的四组被试,通过模拟现实人际互动情境,在评价人对被试的交谈表现提供不同评价(肯定或否定)及表达不同交友态度(接受或排斥)的条件下,考察了整体自尊与特殊自尊对人际互动过程中自我确认倾向的影响,结果表明:(1)不论社交需求是否获得满足,即整体自尊是否得以维持,被试的自我确认倾向都只受特殊自尊的调节;(2)在社交需求和一致性需求同时获得满足,即整体自尊与特殊自尊均得以维持时,被试的自我确认倾向受整体自尊和特殊自尊的共同调节;(3)在社交需求和一致性需求未同时获得满足,即整体自尊和特殊自尊不能同时得以维持时,高整体自尊者的自我确认倾向受特殊自尊的调节,而低整体自尊者未表现出自我确认的倾向。     

常人疾病观及其对医患关系的影响

常人疾病观是普通人对于某一疾病的认知、解释和态度的集合。与专业医务人员相比, 普通人更关注心理、家庭和社会因素而非生物学因素的致病作用, 就医选择多元而并不遵循标准化的就医模式, 同时更愿意将疾病体验视为个人生活的特殊问题加以建构性理解。常人疾病观与科学医学观之间的不一致性可能降低患者的就医满意、对医信任和医嘱依从性, 从而影响治疗效果。立足中国社会的医学文化与医疗制度, 研究中国人的常人疾病观, 并探讨其对医患关系的影响作用与社会心理机制, 可为改善当下中国医患关系紧张现状提供有益建议。     

Organizations Behaving Badly: Antecedents and Consequences of Uncivil Workplace Environments

The present study investigated the relationship between employees’ perceptions of five characteristics emphasized in their work organization (i.e., individualism, hostile interaction styles, competition, hierarchical governance, and email reliance) and the occurrence of incivility in that context. We also examined how perceptions of uncivil environments, in turn, related to personal experiences of workplace incivility and negative outcomes for targets. The proposed model was examined in two samples of university faculty. Study 1 tested the model with three organizational characteristics (individualism, hostile interaction styles, and competition) and three outcomes (job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and physical health) in a sample of faculty from a wide range of departments at a large Southern university. The second study investigated two additional organizational characteristics (hierarchical governance and email reliance) and an additional outcome (psychological distress) in a nationwide sample of law faculty. Results demonstrated that all but one of the characteristics (email reliance) related to perceptions of an uncivil workplace environment; uncivil environment perceptions, in turn, predicted personal experiences of incivility and negative occupational and health outcomes.     

The monocular-boundary-contour mechanism in binocular surface representation and suppression

Boundary contours are important for representing binocular surfaces, including those in binocular rivalry. Ooi and He (2006, Perception 35 581-603) showed that a half-image with a boundary contour defined by abutting gratings predominates in binocular rivalry. We investigated the monocular-boundary-contour mechanism using Kanizsa square-like rivalry displays. In experiment 1, the left half-image had a vertical illusory contour on the right edge while the right half-image had a vertical illusory contour on the left edge. The Kanizsa elements (discs and pacmen) were filled with a 135 degree grating and placed on a 45 degree-grating background. When fused, observers experienced a strong predominance for perceiving an illusory rectangle in front of four discs. But this percept was replaced by robust rivalry alternations when the stimulus was manipulated by (i) switching the half-images between eyes, (ii)relocating the pacmen in each half-image to form horizontal illusory contours, or (iii) placing the pacmen diagonally (thus eliminating each monocular illusory contour). Such robust rivalry alternations were similar to those experienced when a 135 degree-grating disc was in rivalry with a 135 degree-grating pacman alone on the 45 degree-grating background (experiment 2). Experiment 3 showed that the relatively stable illusory-rectangle percept in experiment 1 is affected by the alignment of the images in the two eyes, in a manner consistent with adherence to the occlusion constraint in binocular surface formation.     

Livin在小细胞肺癌中的表达及与Caspase-3相关性研究

为了探讨Livin蛋白在小细胞肺癌（SCLC）组织中的表达及与Caspase-3的关系,我们使用免疫组化法检测Livin和Caspase-3在30例SCLC及癌旁肺组织中的表达。结果显示,Livin在SCLC中表达明显高于正常组织（P〈0．01）,与TNM分期、淋巴结转移和肿瘤大小无关。Caspase-3在SCLC组织中表达明显下降（P〈0．01）,与Livin表达呈负相关。因此,Livin与Caspase-3的异常表达可能在SCLC癌变中起协调作用,并有望成为诊断和基因治疗的新靶点。     

拖延对工作绩效的影响——压力偏好与任务类型的调节作用

本研究探索了压力偏好和任务类型在拖延行为对绩效产生作用过程中的调节作用。用问卷调查的方法对155人进行调查。结果发现：相比偏好压力者,厌恶压力者的工作绩效更容易受到拖延行为的影响;对于复杂任务,拖延对偏好压力者的绩效影响显著低于对厌恶压力者;而对于简单任务,两种类型人的绩效的差别并不明显。结论是,偏好压力者能够减弱拖延行为对其工作绩效的影响,尤其对于复杂任务,这种影响更加明显。     

论中国逻辑学的繁荣与发展——纪念改革开放30周年

作为一个有着几千年悠久历史的文明古国,中国一直以灿烂的文化著称于世.但是,我国古代的知识论和方法论却不甚发达,尤其是作为方法论的逻辑学最不发达.在中国古代,除了<墨经>算得上是一本"逻辑学著作"以外,其他的浩如烟海的著作却很少涉及到逻辑学,因而就更难称得上是逻辑学著作了.     

纳西族驱瘟疫鬼仪式分析

仪式研究是纳西族东巴教中的一个重要领域.东巴教仪式繁多而复杂,总体上可分为三大类:祭神与祭祖、超度、驱鬼.驱瘟疫鬼仪式是驱鬼仪式中较独特的一种,本文在实地调查及采访纳西族祭司--东巴的基础上,对驱瘟疫鬼仪式中的一些要素作初步的文化分析.