Knowing that strawberries are red and seeing red strawberries: the interaction between surface colour and colour knowledge information

This study investigates the interaction between surface and colour knowledge information during object recognition. In two different experiments, participants were instructed to decide whether two presented stimuli belonged to the same object identity. On the non-matching trials, we manipulated the shape and colour knowledge information activated by the two stimuli by creating four different stimulus pairs: (1) similar in shape and colour (e.g. TOMATO–APPLE); (2) similar in shape and dissimilar in colour (e.g. TOMATO–COCONUT); (3) dissimilar in shape and similar in colour (e.g. TOMATO–CHILI PEPPER) and (4) dissimilar in both shape and colour (e.g. TOMATO–PEANUT). The object pictures were presented in typical and atypical colours and also in black-and-white. The interaction between surface and colour knowledge showed to be contingent upon shape information: while colour knowledge is more important for recognising structurally similar shaped objects, surface colour is more prominent for recognising structurally dissimilar shaped objects.     

客体表征质量在语义客体注意效应中的作用

已有研究表明,除自下而上因素外,自上而下因素也能够对客体知觉起到调节作用,从而影响注意的分配。本研究以不同词频（高频和低频）的汉语双字词为实验材料,采用双矩形线索范式变式考察不同语义客体表征质量对基于语义客体注意效应的影响。结果发现,在高语义客体表征质量的条件下出现了基于语义客体的注意效应,而在低语义客体表征质量的条件下并未出现基于语义客体的注意效应。该结果表明,语义客体表征质量的高低是影响基于语义客体注意效应的重要因素。     

社会距离与合作指数对不同年龄青少年合作行为影响的差异

本研究采用重复囚徒困境实验范式,考察了社会距离和合作指数对不同年龄青少年（初中生、高中生和大学生,且每个年龄段的被试数为40名）在博弈决策中的合作行为的影响。结果发现：（1）随着年龄的增加,青少年合作行为的总体趋势表现为下降;（2）社会距离对大学生的合作行为的正向作用显著,而中学生的合作行为却不受其影响;（3）个体合作率会受到合作指数的促进作用,但这种促进作用在大学生中表现的更为显著。即随年龄增长,个体会更少的采取合作行为,并且个体是否采取合作在更大程度上基于当前博弈中的收支情况和与博弈对象之间的社会距离。     

同伴地位与青少年冒险行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

为探讨同伴地位影响青少年冒险行为的作用机制及条件,采用青少年冒险行为问卷、同伴提名问卷、自我控制能力问卷、同伴群体特征问卷对山东省日照市1288名初高中学生进行调查。结果发现,（1）同伴地位负向预测青少年冒险行为,该预测作用是通过交往不良同伴的中介作用实现的;（2）交往不良同伴对青少年冒险行为的预测受到个体自我控制能力的调节。对于高自我控制能力青少年,其冒险行为与交往不良同伴无关,但低自我控制能力青少年会因交往不良同伴而参与更多冒险行为。结果提示培养良好的自我素质,塑造良好的同伴环境对于青少年的健康发展有重要作用。     

Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence reveals the effects of trait anxiety on contingent attentional capture

Few studies have investigated the effects of anxiety on contingent attentional capture. The present study examined contingent attentional capture in trait anxiety by applying a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm during electroencephalographic recording. Overall, the behavioral and electrophysiological results showed a larger capture effect when a distractor was the same color as the target compared to when the distractor was not of the target color. Moreover, high-anxiety individuals showed a larger N2pc in the target colored distractor condition and nontarget colored distractor condition compared to the distractor-absent condition. In addition, the reaction time was slower when distractors were presented in the left visual field compared to when they were in the right visual field. This pattern was not seen in low-anxiety individuals. The findings may indicate that high-anxiety individuals allocate attention to the target less efficiently and have reduced suppression of distractors compared to low-anxiety individuals who could suppress attention to the distractors more efficiently. Future work could valuably investigate the consequences of such differences in terms of benefits and disruption associated with attentional capture differences in a range of anxious populations in different risk monitoring situations.     

品牌熟悉对广告过程中品牌态度改变的影响

文章通过分析广告前后被试者品牌态度的变化,研究了在不同的广告态度和信息相关度条件下被试者品牌熟悉程度对品牌态度变化的影响。结果显示品牌熟悉程度对品牌态度变化的调节作用并非单向的,而是与广告态度和信息相关度交互产生作用的。当被试者不熟悉品牌且有正面的广告态度时或当被试者不熟悉品牌且信息相关度较低时广告才能产生说服效果,进而使被试者的品牌态度发生改变。     

孟子“存心养性”的修养论

孟子倡导促进社会和睦的道德观念,并从理论基础、理想人格、修养方法等方面提出了一套比较完整的道德修养体系,对后世影响深远。梳理与借鉴孟子的道德修养论,对于建立和完善现代道德修养理论,促进社会主义的道德进步和人格健全,无疑具有最直接的现实价值。     

"礼失求诸野"义疏

本文认为"礼失求诸野"是儒家的一项文化开放主张,通过历史疏证,可知其适用范围很广,并由此形成中国文化发展与整合互动的机制,即以民间文化丰富经典文化,以四夷或域外文化充实中国文化,反之,经典文化则对民间和四夷文化进行整合,从而既保持中国文化的主体性,又蕴含着生生不息的发展张力.     

道德相对主义的界标

本文主要在理论上划清了"道德相对主义"的界限.在对"道德"与"相对主义"进行辨析的基础上,对"道德相对主义"与道德相对性、道德多元主义、道德地方主义,强道德相对主义与弱道德相对主义进行了区分.对"道德相对主义"进行分类;总结了道德相对主义的一般论证模式;阐明了道德相对主义的对立面以及道德相对主义的家族相似概念.最后陈述了必须拒斥道德相对主义的理由,即道德与法律有内在的联系,有普遍有效的法律,便有普遍有效的道德观念和规范.     

转型期妇产科医生实习质量提升对策

临床实习阶段是医学生到医生转型的关键时期,如何提高临床实习质量,本文作者认为建立新型的教学关系,高标准选择带教老师,年龄在35到50岁之间为佳,建立“双向交流”的教育方式;建立临床实习医生职业素养档案;建立实习岗前培训,增强风险意识;给予学生充分的实践机会以及采用多种措施弥补实习中的不足是切实有效的对策。