甲状腺占位性病变手术治疗指征的合理选择

近年来,随着超声波的发展,超声波的清晰度越来越高.作为浅表脏器的甲状腺,超声波可发现其内1mm～2mm的占位性病变.由于超声波具有操作简便、快捷、无创性和清晰度高的特点,越来越多的人选择超声波进行甲状腺的常规检查.Mortenson[1]等发现,既往无病史,而解剖中发现有甲状腺占位性病变的高达50%.在超声随机检查中,甲状腺结节的发现率在19%～67%,而其中可以触摸到的结节只有4%～7%,甲状腺结节大部分为良性的,其中5%左右为恶性的[2-3].因此,对超声波检查中发现的占位性病变是否选择治疗以及如何选择治疗方案,从而使需要治疗的患者获得更合理的治疗,就成为人们关注的课题.那么,甲状腺占位性病变手术治疗的指征究竟和什么有关,超声在其中又起了一个什么样的作用呢?     

组织管理诚信与组织承诺之关系研究

本研究的主要目的乃探讨组织管理诚信的内涵及现状;揭示组织管理诚信与组织承诺之关系。通过文献分析和问卷调查,研究者发现:组织管理诚信行为主要包含诚实、守信、诚直和精诚四个方面的内容;员工对当前组织管理的评价总体趋向于诚信,其中对守信因子的评价最高,对诚直因子的评价最低;组织管理诚信对组织承诺存在着积极的影响。     

小学语文和数学教师课堂信息加工能力的研究

本研究采用小学语文和数学视频教学录象为实验材料,以小学语文和数学教师为研究对象,运用反应时测量法探讨小学语文和数学教师对不同类型课堂信息的加工速度和辨别能力。研究结果表明:小学语文和数学教师处理课堂背景信息方面采用了相似的策略,忽略与课堂教学无关信息;语文和数学教师在处理课堂信息方面表现出明显的学科差异,语文教师更注重课堂活动的组织与课堂气氛的调节,数学教师强调学科内容教学本身的精确性;小学语文教师处理课堂活动信息的加工速度显著快于数学教师。本研究的结论对小学教师培训有一定的启示。     

The reconfiguration of task set has no effect on the efficiency of feature search

In this study, we investigated whether or not the reconfiguration of a set task could modulate the efficiency of feature search. In Experiment 1, target set size was manipulated. The results revealed that enumerating targets defined by color yields a much steeper slope when executed simultaneously with a discrimination task than when done singly. However, when distractor set size was manipulated, there was no significant difference in the efficiency of individualizing targets from distractors between the two task conditions, no matter whetherthe search was guided by bottom-up information (Experiment 2) or top-down information (Experiment 3). Drawing upon these results, the authors propose that (1) an additional task can impair the efficiency of enumeration, resulting in a steep slope of counting even when target set size is quite small, and (2) in feature search, the visual system first reconfigures the task set to match the input feature information and then detects the targets with an optimal efficiency, which does not support the theory proposed by Di Lollo, Kawahara, Zuvic, and Visser (2001; Di Lollo, Smilek, Kawahara, & Ghorashi, 2005).     

关于慢性乙肝病毒携带者治疗问题的商榷

从乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)在体内存在的不同阶段、乙型肝炎发病机制及目前抗病毒治疗现状对慢性乙肝病毒携带者治疗问题进行了初步探讨,提出了绝大多数慢性乙肝病毒携带者不需要治疗的理由,以指导患者和医务人员解决相关问题.     

坚持科学精神，反对与抵制伪科学作为“科普法”的条文是必要和及时的

"科普法"于2002年6月29日经全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议通过并颁布实施。科普法总则第一条中明确指出制定和颁布科普法的     

The Effect of Disruptions During Counseling on Recall of Genetic Risk Information: The Case of Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic counseling is a communication process with two main functions: information provision and supportive counseling. The information transmission function may be compromised by disruptions that occur during counseling. At least two mediators are possible: (a) disruptions may interfere with memory by creating distractions and divided attention during encoding or (b) disruptions may degrade the flow of interaction which requires that participants engage in conversation repair rather than the task at hand. This study examined both alternatives in a group of parents (N=20 families, 40 individual parents) whose infant had received a newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF). Upon arrival at the hospital, each parent completed a questionnaire designed to assess his or her knowledge of CF. Their interaction with the genetic counselor was videotaped and coded for the presence of disruptions. Six weeks after the counseling, parents again completed the knowledge measure. The data showed a direct negative effect for disruptions during counseling on memory for CF-related risk information six weeks later. Disruptions also produced the anticipated effect on conversation, but counter to expectations, interruptions of conversation flow was positively associated with knowledge at time 2.     

正念禅修在心理治疗和医学领域中的应用

正念禅修渊源于南传佛教中的毗婆舍那禅修传统,指透过如实观察身心变化实相而达至烦恼解脱的禅修方法,于20世纪80年代初被引入心理治疗和医学领域后,其临床应用和相关研究日益增多.本文主要介绍了其中最为突出的正念减压疗法(MBSR)、正念认知行为治疗(MBCT)、辩证行为治疗(DBT),以及正念在创伤治疗中的应用情况;并综述了正念疗法在医疗保健和心理治疗领域的应用、疗效、作用机制等方面的相关研究.     

《管子·内业》篇道之形象化探析

<管子·内业>蕴涵有重要的哲学思想,在继承前人成果的基础上,丰富和发展了道的思想和内涵,体现为使道的思想具有形象化的特征.具体为:首先,道之气化:生生不息、大化流行.其次,道之体悟:存于心、践于行.最后,道之秩序:和谐生福.     

视觉工作记忆中基于客体的存储机制：来自ERPs的证据

该研究以简单形状和颜色构成的客体为材料,采用延迟匹配范式,通过记录事件相关电位,以反映工作记忆表征与知觉输入间冲突的N270为指标,就视觉工作记忆中的客体存储机制进行了探讨。结果发现,无关维度特征变化与目标维度特征变化均可诱发N270。该结果表明,视觉工作记忆对客体目标特征进行存储时,无关特征亦自动得到选择加工,支持基于客体的存储说。