父母自主支持对青少年积极情绪适应的影响:基本心理需要满足的中介与调节作用模型

本研究旨在考察父母自主支持对青少年积极情绪适应的影响及其作用机制。采用生活满意度问卷、积极情感消极情感量表、父母自主支持量表、自尊量表以及基本心理需要量表对1912名初中生被试进行调查。结果表明：（1）父母自主支持对青少年生活满意度、积极情绪、自尊和基本心理需要满足有显著正向预测作用;（2）基本心理需要满足在父母自主支持对青少年生活满意度、自尊和积极情绪影响中的中介作用显著;（3）基本心理需要满足在父母自主支持与积极情绪、生活满意度之间起着调节作用。本研究结果揭示了基本心理需要满足在父母自主支持和积极情绪适应之间的“双重作用”。     

Linking calling to work engagement and subjective career success: The perspective of career construction theory

Drawing on career construction theory, this study examined the relationship between calling and work engagement and subjective career success (i.e., career satisfaction) and the mediating role of career adaptability with a sample of 832 Chinese employees. Results from a time-lagged survey study showed that: (1) calling (measured at time 1) positively related to an employee's career adaptability, work engagement, and career satisfaction (measured at time 2), and (2) career adaptability mediated the relationship between calling and work engagement and career satisfaction. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.     

Comparison of affective and semantic priming in different SOA

Researchers have been at odds on whether affective or semantic priming is faster or stronger. The present study selects a series of facial expression photos and words, which have definite emotional meaning or gender meaning, to set up experiment including both affective and semantic priming. The intensity of emotion and gender information in the prime as well as the strength of emotional or semantic (in gender) relationship between the prime and the target is matched. Three groups of participants are employed separately in our experiment varied with stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) as 50, 250 or 500 ms. The results show that the difference between two types of priming effect is revealed when the SOA is at 50 ms, in which the affective priming effect is presented when the prime has negative emotion. It indicates that SOA can affect the comparison between the affective and semantic priming, and the former takes the priority in the automatic processing level.     

The construct and measurement of spontaneous attention to a number

The Spontaneous Attention to a Number (SAN) construct serves a different purpose than Hannula-Sormunen and colleagues’ Spontaneous Focus on Number (SFON) construct. As an extension of Eleanor J. Gibson’s differentiation theory, the premise of SAN is that children’s step-wise construction of small number concepts enables them to perceptually differentiate among increasingly larger numbers—to distinguish reliably between “oneness” or “twoness” and larger numbers, then between “threeness” and “larger numbers,” and eventually between “fourness” and larger numbers. In contrast, SFON refers to the tendency to attend to numbers in general—an attentional process that, unlike SAN, is separate from enumeration skill. Not surprisingly, then, although the prototype for both the SAN and SFON tasks is Nancy C. Jordan and colleagues’ non-directive nonverbal number task, the independent development of the SAN and SFON tasks resulted in key differences in how they are administered and scored and to whom they are administered.     

Target enhancement and distractor inhibition affect transitory surround suppression in dual tasks using multiple rapid serial visual presentation streams

Few studies have investigated the interaction between temporal and spatial dimensions on selective attention using dual tasks in the multiple rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. A phenomenon that the surround suppression in space changes over time (termed transitory surround suppression, TSS, in the present study) has been observed, suggesting the existence of this time–space interaction. However, it is still unclear whether target enhancement or distractor inhibition modulates TSS. Four behavioural experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of TSS by manipulating the temporal lag and spatial distance factors between two targets embedded in six RSVP streams. The TSS effect was replicated in a study that eliminated confounds of perceptual effects and attentional switch (Experiment 1). However, the TSS disappeared when two targets shared the same colour in a between-subjects design (Experiment 2a) and a within-subject design (Experiment 2b), suggesting the impact of target enhancement on TSS. Moreover, the TSS was larger for within-category than for between-category distractors (Experiment 3), indicating the impact of distractor inhibition on TSS. These two influences on TSS under different processing demands of target and distractor processing were further confirmed in a skeletal design (Experiment 4). Overall, combinative effects of target enhancement and distractor suppression contribute to the mechanisms of time–space interaction in selective attention during visual search.     

初中留守儿童社会支持与问题行为的关系

采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和问题行为问卷对112名初中留守儿童和132名对照组儿童进行测查,探讨初中留守儿童社会支持与问题行为的基本状况以及两者之间的关系。结果发现:(1)初中留守儿童的支持利用度低于对照组儿童,其违法和违纪行为则高于对照组儿童。(2)在社会支持的三个维度中,主观支持对于初中留守儿童的违法、欺骗和违纪行为均具有显著的负向预测作用,支持利用度则对危害健康的行为具有显著的负向预测作用。(3)与较低社会支持水平下的初中留守儿童相比,较高社会支持水平下的留守儿童的四种问题行为相对较少;无论社会支持水平高低,初中留守男生均比留守女生存在更多的危害健康的行为。     

农村合作医疗制度的现状分析与对策思考——对铜陵县农村合作医疗试点工作的调查研究

铜陵县自2003年9月份正式实施第一轮试点方案以来,新型合作医疗试点工作已经取得了很大的成就.在调查研究的基础上,对农村合作医疗试点中的宣传状况、方案设计、管理制度、保障水平和配套政策等方面进行了客观的分析,指出了试点中存在的制度设计及制度运行问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策思考.     

是联合世界还是分裂世界？——科学和宗教：哪种观点具有真正普遍意义，哪种观点又是狭隘之极？

关于科学调查研究成果和宗教叙述之间所谓的冲突已经有很多的论述。我更愿意把精力集中在科学与宗教的方法论和观点的对比上。一、科学的普遍性或许科学最显著的特性就在于它的普遍性。科学是一项最基础和最首要的社会任务。除非一个科学家的成果能够被其他科学家理解和接受(无论是去检验它,批评它,驳倒它,还是以它为研究的基础),否则他的成果就没有任何意义。最独特的是在这项公共事业之中没有国籍、种族、宗教或者意识形态的障碍。这种以经验为依据的衡量标准为所     

自立、自主、独立特征的语义分析

用22对人格形容词制成的7级评定的语义分析量表对171名被试进行了调查,结果如下：在5对人格形容词上自立与自主的评分有显著差异,在ll对人格形容词上自立与独立的评分有显著差异。最后对自立与自主、独立的关系问题进行了讨论,提出：①自立是与自主、独立不同的人格构念,差异的关键在于自立是一种辩证性的人格特征。这种差异可能主要源于我国的传统文化;②与独立人格、自主人格相比,自立人格才是符合我国构建和谐社会所需的健全人格的重要因素;③我国公众对自主、独立的认识很可能与西方国家的公众不一样。     

控制方法与认知方式对个别辅导型课件学习的影响

采用二因素混合实验设计对不同控制方式(程序控制、学习者控制、有建议的学习者控制)与学生认知方式(场依存型、中间型、场独立型)对个别辅导型课件学习效果的影响进行研究,结果表明个别辅导型课件的效果受不同控制方式和学生认知方式的影响,且两个因素的交互作用显著。