行为表现与言语报告:3～5岁儿童的一级观点采择(英文)

为考察3~5岁儿童一级观点采择的行为表现与言语报告之间的潜在差异,本研究采用"单面镜"范式设计了两个实验。实验1中,54名儿童成对与实验者一起完成观点采择游戏,逻辑回归分析结果表明3-5岁儿童的行为表现不存在显著差异(B=?0.225,Wald=0.38,p=0.541)。方差分析也没有发现儿童的行为表现和言语报告存在差异。由于实验1中的编码系统存在一些局限,并且缺少对儿童偏好的控制,因此在实验2中进行了改进。实验2选择了另外60名3~5岁儿童完成藏玩具游戏。方差分析发现了实验范式类型(行为表现或言语报告)、年龄和性别的三因素交互作用(F(2,48)=3.55,p=0.037,η2=0.13)。结果表明随着年龄增加,男孩与女孩一级观点采择的行为表现都显著提高,而男孩言语报告的提高程度显著低于女孩。总体而言,考察儿童一级观点采择时,行为表现可能比言语报告提供更多信息。     

虚拟时代的哲学

如果古典时代的哲人们穿越时空隧道来到我们这个充满虚拟实在的时代的话,想必他们会大吃一惊,以为来错了地方.对他们来说,我们这个时代肯定是个充满了莫名其妙事物的天方夜谭,是个让他们瞠目结舌的超现实世界.在我们这个世界中,众多网民的见面语早已经从"你吃饭了吗?"变成了"上网看到什么消息了?"、"魔兽了吗?"、"偷菜了吗?"等等.我们的通讯、信息获得、商品交易、交友恋爱、统计、企业管理甚至政治竞选,很大程度上已经通过网络进行.     

内隐领导理论启动效应的实验研究

该研究通过实验检测了内隐领导理论与几种领导类型之间的启动效应。结果显示,绩效线索影响优秀领导者与一般领导者和较差领导者之间的特质评价,并且主要表现在对正性特质的评价方面,在一般领导者和较差领导者之间启动效应不显著。"潜伏期"测量显示了对理想领导者正性原型特质比负性原型特质启动效应更加显著。     

弗洛伊德论宗教和道德的关系

作为一个彻底的无神论者,弗洛伊德反对神道设教的主张。他认为,道德神圣化虽然能增强道德对一般民众的威慑力,从而对保护人类文明做出贡献,但将道德建立在宗教基础之上,却会使道德因失去现实基础而遭遇风险。另外,他强调宗教道德有着诸多消极的方面。     

Role resources and work–family enrichment: The role of work engagement

This article proposes a theoretical model of work-family enrichment and tests the mediating role of work engagement. The inclusion of work engagement extends prior research on work-family interface, and allows for examination of the effects of role resources (job resources, family support) on work-family enrichment. A two-wave survey was conducted among a matched sample of 786 employees in China. The model was tested with structural equation modeling techniques. The results showed that work engagement was the most proximal predictor of work-family enrichment. Work engagement fully mediated the relationship between family-friendly organizational policies and work-family enrichment, and also between job autonomy and family-work enrichment. Further, work engagement partially mediated the relationships between two job resources (supervisor support, job autonomy) and work-family enrichment, and also between family support and family-work enrichment. No difference was found in gender and marital status in the proposed model. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.     

The influence of surface color information and color knowledge information in object recognition

In order to clarify whether the influence of color knowledge information in object recognition depends on the presence of the appropriate surface color, we designed a name-object verification task. The relationship between color and shape information provided by the name and by the object photo was manipulated in order to assess color interference independently of shape interference. We tested three different versions for each object: typically colored, black and white, and nontypically colored. The response times on the nonmatching trials were used to measure the interference between the name and the photo. We predicted that the more similar the name and the photo are, the longer it would take to respond. Overall, the color similarity effect disappeared in the black-and-white and nontypical color conditions, suggesting that the influence of color knowledge on object recognition depends on the presence of the appropriate surface color information.     

Visual rapid naming and phonological abilities: different subtypes in dyslexic children

One implication of the double-deficit hypothesis for dyslexia is that there should be subtypes of dyslexic readers that exhibit rapid naming deficits with or without concomitant phonological processing problems. In the current study, we investigated the validity of this hypothesis for Portuguese orthography, which is more consistent than English orthography, by exploring different cognitive profiles in a sample of dyslexic children. In particular, we were interested in identifying readers characterized by a pure rapid automatized naming deficit. We also examined whether rapid naming and phonological awareness independently account for individual differences in reading performance. We characterized the performance of dyslexic readers and a control group of normal readers matched for age on reading, visual rapid naming and phonological processing tasks. Our results suggest that there is a subgroup of dyslexic readers with intact phonological processing capacity (in terms of both accuracy and speed measures) but poor rapid naming skills. We also provide evidence for an independent association between rapid naming and reading competence in the dyslexic sample, when the effect of phonological skills was controlled. Altogether, the results are more consistent with the view that rapid naming problems in dyslexia represent a second core deficit rather than an exclusive phonological explanation for the rapid naming deficits. Furthermore, additional non-phonological processes, which subserve rapid naming performance, contribute independently to reading development.     

Zero-Inflated Regime-Switching Stochastic Differential Equation Models for Highly Unbalanced Multivariate,Multi-Subject Time-Series Data

Psychometrika - In the study of human dynamics, the behavior under study is often operationalized by tallying the frequencies and intensities of a collection of lower-order processes. For instance,...     

The Roles of Relative Linguistic Proficiency and Modality Switching in Language Switch Cost: Evidence from Chinese Visual Unimodal and Bimodal Bilinguals

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - The current study investigated the mechanism of language switching in unbalanced visual unimodal bilinguals as well as balanced and unbalanced bimodal...